Since fixed and random facets may exist in objects of study as well as in conditions of observation, various modifications of the generalizability theory estimation formulas are required for different types of measurement designs. Various design modifications are proposed to improve reliability by reducing error variance. (Author/BW)

The authors examine the characteristics of a good research question and present a building-block approach for refining the question. They discuss the framework, how to formulate the question, and how to refine the question. A glossary of research terms is also included. (Editor/CT)

Written in response to George Fairweather's position concerning the use of experimental studies in evaluation, this paper highlights considerations in deciding when experimental procedures are feasible. The current debate on the use of experimental methods in evaluation is reviewed. (Author/GK)

This article presents a fairly quick, easy way to decide what size sample is needed for a survey, given a desired level of confidence and degree of accuracy. The method proposed will work on any multiple response instrument. A technical mathematical explanation is also included. (GK)

Restriction in range is a measurement problem frequently encountered in research studies that utilize correlation coefficients. A FORTRAN program is described that can compute the estimated unrestricted correlation coefficient in either the explicit or implicit case. The user selects the appropriate formula to be employed from five that are…

Contrasts the naturalistic research paradigm with the scientific model, noting that the naturalistic paradigm assumes multiple reality, subject-object interrelatedness, and contextuality. Skills required for the pursuit of naturalistic inquiry are described. (JEG)

The article illustrates a method to estimate changes in the statistical power of a study which are caused by changes in the reliability of the dependent variable. (Author)

This paper surveys available techniques and introduces an explicit statement of a new statistic to test for equality of correlated proportions in a polychotomous response design. A set of guidelines for the potential user of the techniques is provided. (Author/CTM)

Two hundred Michigan principals were sent a personality inventory. There was no significant difference in response rate between administrators who did or did not receive cover letters; but response rate was higher when the principals' secretaries received preletters soliciting their help in getting the administrator to respond. (SJL)

Different chi-square statistics reported in many-faceted Rasch model analysis are presented and interpreted using facets of subjects, judges, sessions, topics, and tasks for 74 subjects. Chi-square statistics are useful for determining the significance and interaction effects of facets and identifying adjustments to subjects' calibrated logit…

Research articles (n=174) published in the "Journal of Learning Disabilities" from 1989 through 1993 were analyzed and coded by type of research design and statistical technique used. Eighty percent of the research designs were nonintervention methods; 55% of all statistical techniques were coded as primary, 32% were intermediate, and…

Used Monte Carlo methods to examine the Type I error rates for randomization tests applied to single-case data arising from ABAB designs involving random, systematic, or response-guided assignment of interventions. Discusses conditions under which Type I error rate is controlled or is not. (SLD)

Sets out definitions of expert found in three studies: situated effectiveness, emergent measure, and constrained elaboration. Outlines recommendations for selecting expert teachers to participate in research studies. (Contains 18 references.) (SK)

Introduces the articles of this special issue focusing on randomized field trials in criminology. In spite of the overall lack of randomized field trials in criminology, some agencies and individuals are able to mount an impressive number of field trials, and these articles focus on their experiences. (SLD)

Discusses advantages of randomized experiments and key issues raised in this special issue. Focuses on growth and decrease in the use of randomized experiments by the California Youth Authority, the U.S. National Institute of Justice, and the British Home Office. Calls for increased recognition of the importance of randomized experiments. (SLD)