Notes that lacking in almost every debate on accountability is the premises that education is a two way process. Learning involves students as well as teachers, administrators and school systems. Teachers and students, schools and pupils, and the educatee and learning are married, and one cannot exist without the other. (Author/AM)

Author argues that governing boards and school administrations must be culturally sensitive, or surround themselves with those who are, in order to create the best learning environments possible under which children can maintain their own identity. (Author/RK)

After an extensive study of school organization and discipline in a large number of schools, the author summarizes some of his findings about the way in which school organization can influence student behavior and teachers' coping skills. (Editor/RK)

Deffenbacher describes test anxiety as a psychological problem and outlines five possible responses of counseling. Carr suggests test anxiety is a political problem calling for preventive counseling stretegies rather than remedial corrective approaches. (Author)

Presents a study in which all secondary schools in West Midlands urban area of England were visited and a structured interview conducted with head teachers to determine what rules were common, to what extent they were formally written down, and what methods were used to ensure their enforcement. Concludes that sanctions far outweighed rewards in…

The design and rationale for the University of South Carolina's required credit-bearing freshman orientation course are described, and ways in which the course offering could be made better are discussed. (MSE)

Reviews the literature on various aspects of what young children know about school. Topics include: (1) children's perceptions of teachers and school curriculum and activities; (2) development of children's distinctions between work and play; and (3) children's construction and interpretation of the school context. (BB)

Biography profiles the life and major philosophical and educational contributions of early twentieth-century educator, William Heard Kilpartick. One of his most significant contributions was the development and installation of the project method as an integral part of the elementary student experience. (Author/RWB)

The concept "in loco parentis" is discussed in relation to its historical place in education and its current status. The doctrine has expanded from its original idea of "restraint and correction" to figure significantly in court cases involving corporal punishment, student searches, school rules, correlative duties, and…

Analyzes the importance of break dancing to a subgroup of Ute and Navajo students at a southwestern high school. Describes the break dancers' interactions with other students, their communities, and their school. Break dancing facilitates intragroup communication, creates a unique group identity, and allows the students a kind of success in…

Seven schools show how to turn a challenge into an opportunity. Examples of how these schools work with the community to develop effective and motivating programs to meet student needs are presented. (DF)

Suggests freshman performance and school climate may dramatically improve if high school principals capitalize on freshmen enthusiasm by establishing a theme for the school year, developing a friendly orientation day, reevaluating the homeroom, and communicating with parents. (DCS)

The Reduced Load Program, instituted in 1973 at the Indiana University School of Medicine to allow students two academic years to complete their first-year course requirements, is described. This program was developed as an alternative to dismissal for students experiencing academic difficulty. (MLW)

Student disengagement from school is observed through withdrawal, absenteeism, low-level participation, and discipline problems. This article discusses research on student evaluation systems and presents a study on high school students and the extent to which they experience incompatibilities in the school's evaluation and authority system. (DF)

Notes the harm caused by exaggerated reports of violence in schools, clarifies the distinction between violence and discipline problems, provides a perspective on the actual extent of these problems, describes factors encouraging good school discipline, and suggests reasonable approaches for governments and schools to take. (PGD)