Applauds Caple for his application of general systems theory to student development and student personnel, but cautions against the overgeneralization of applying paradigms from other fields to student development and psychology. Urges practitioners to be clear on the concepts before using them. (Author/ABB)

Discusses the impact of computer programing instruction on cognitive skills and suggests two mechanisms of transfer--low road, from practice, and high road, from generalization. Previous research that tried to measure transfer from programing is reviewed, six categories in which transfer might occur are presented, and 71 references are provided.…

Thirty-two studies, involving 47 discrete experiments, are reviewed on the application of overcorrection to management of self-injurious behavior in intellectually handicapped individuals. The literature supports short-term efficacy of overcorrection. Reservations include the intrusive and restrictive nature of the technique and limited data on…

The effects of a combined neuromotor/behavioral approach using a microcomputer mediated teaching system on the acquisition of basic motor skills by two young children (17- and 24-months-old) with severe and multiple disabilities were examined. Increased frequency and duration of target behaviors in both training and generalizing settings were…

Six retarded young adults were trained to select grocery items using picture cards as cues and to reject either (1) maximally different negative examples or (2) minimally different negative examples. Training with minimally different negative examples was functionally related to improved rejection of nontrained negative items in a nontrained…

Two studies compared effects of different levels of cooperation (cooperative controversy, cooperative debate, individualistic; and intergroup cooperation vs intergroup competition) on cross-handicap interaction among 123 intermediate grade students (normal or learning/behavior disordered). Pure cooperation promoted more frequent cross-handicap…

Describes three themes that have informed research on cognitive development in sub-Sahara Africa over the past 10 years: (1) extending the range of generalizability of Western theories; (2) interpreting the uniqueness of the African situation; and (3) deriving implications for social policy. (Author/AS)

Some difficulties with field experimental research designs using groups of subjects are discussed. Special attention is given to the problem of interpreting the significant results and how the obtained results can be generalized. Single-subject designs are suggested as suitable alternatives and a few such designs are presented. (Author)

In this paper, the theory of variation in the tradition of phenomenographic research approach is placed in the context of Dynamic Geometry Environment (DGE). Central concepts of discernment, variation, simultaneity and space of learning in the theory of variation are discussed for simple dragging episodes in DGE to illustrate the potential…

The reasons people most often give for the failures of U.S. schools involve poverty, racial inequality, and a host of social problems. This paper argues that even if all these conditions were remedied, the schools would not produce many more people with the ability to think than they do today. Teachers, who are usually able to think, do not know…

Several key generalizations which students can derive about the legal status of ethnic minorities in the United States are identified, as are major events, treaties, and court cases essential for understanding the struggle for justice among non-Whites. (Author/KM)

Multiple examples of the "World's Worst Frame" are given. An analysis, using Guthrie's contiguity theory, is proposed to move programing beyond the world's worst frame. (Author)