Because knowledge work occurs inside teachers' heads, it cannot be supervised directly. School improvement can become a permanent, ongoing organizational function by replacing traditional instructional supervision with a supervision-for-school-improvement function. The focus then shifts to examining a district's work processes, social…

Observation of 15 nursing students and 15 clinical supervisors in primary care settings revealed that student learning was holistic and meaningful when patient-oriented approaches were used. However, many settings used task-centered approaches, resulting in fragmented learning. (SK)

Investigates the experiences of early-entrant school counselors who were a school counselor and a student simultaneously. The phenomenon of early entry is examined through school counselors' perceptions of the experiences as early entrants to the field, the support they received, and supervision. (Contains 30 references.) (GCP)

Conceptual analysis, using three major arguments, of the relationships among the organizational structure of schools, leadership styles, and the supervision of teaching practices. One argument, for example, is that situational and transformational approaches to supervision are influential forms of professional development. Constructs arguments…

Little has been written about the nature of group supervision for school psychologists in training. In organizing the supervisor's approach to running such a group, the following theoretical models may prove effective: attachment theory, object relations theory, group theory and self psychology. Case examples are discussed in order to illustrate…

Examines the phenomenon of supervision in the professional development school context from the perspective of six student interns and one university supervisor using interviews, field notes, and document analysis. (Contains 32 references.) (PKP)

In a randomized 2x2 study, 174 managers and students read one of four scenarios with one of two posttraining transfer interventions (relapse prevention, supervisor support training) and information types (utility analysis, research). They showed no preference for adopting either intervention to increase staff productivity. Research information was…

A veteran principal offers some wide-ranging and practical suggestions for supervising children on the playground and in the cafeteria. (Author/MLF)

Reports results of random survey of principals in 105 Iowa elementary schools about playground supervision practices. Recommends that school boards take a leadership role in creating safe playgrounds by requiring all elementary schools to have at least two supervisors with safety training on the playground at all times. (PKP)

Human resource functions have "devolved" to line managers, raising issues related to supervisors' ability and willingness to develop employees and the benefits and costs to the organization. Devolution of this work also has implications for the career development of human resource managers and line managers themselves. (Contains 39 references.)…

Interviews with 10 Irish nurses supervising student nurses in clinical placements revealed different interpretations of students' status in clinical settings. They viewed their role as facilitative. Although the experience was rewarding, they felt ill prepared for it. They approved the move to higher education for nurses, although most had not…

Adapts reflecting team concept, a practical application of constructivist ideas, for use in group supervision. Evolving model includes a focus on the unique "fly on the wall" perspective of the reflecting team. Trainees are introduced to a multiverse of new ideas and perspectives in a context which integrates some of the most challenging…

Used content analysis of audiotaped supervision sessions from 40 master's level counselor trainees and 40 field placement supervisors to study relation of supervisor and trainee gender to supervisory discourse. Findings indicated male and female supervisors reinforced female trainees' high-power messages with low-power, encouraging messages…

Discusses the role of the supervisor who is directly responsible for a sandwich placement student in the workplace. Identifies and examines seven supervisory styles, highlights ways in which effective workplace supervision can enrich placement experience, and discusses placement management guidelines. (JOW)

Theoretically, schools led by principals providing structure, resources, consideration, useful influence, and professional support in an even-handed, noncontrolling manner should be work places that elicit teacher commitment. This hypothesis was tested using a sample of 72 New Jersey secondary schools. Close control blunts teacher commitment.…