Principals must understand their responsibilities for special education programs mandated under Public Law 94-142. Principals should become familiar with the student referral process and prereferral intervention programs. Because principals frequently conduct evaluation meetings and chair individualized education program meetings, they must know…

A model is presented for assuring the appropriate identification and referral of students with learning disabilities to special education. The model formalizes a regular education component in six steps for implementation in regular education contexts, followed by seven procedural safeguards once a student has been referred for comprehensive…

This article reviews the evolution of placement litigation based on the overrepresentation of minority students in special educational programs for students with mild disabilities, provides commentaries on four court trials that have yielded judicial opinion and discusses the implications of this litigation for the reform of special education…

Describes the development of a placement test specifically designed for students entering Pembroke State University. Includes question construction and suitable test standards in discussing the features of a good placement test. Concludes that the test provides a reliable measure of students potential success. (MDH)

Discusses the marginalization of spelling instruction. Presents several classroom implications supported by research on the development of orthographic knowledge as reflected in children's spelling errors. Addresses the issues related to placement, assessment, word study, and writing. (RS)

Found nontraditional assessment tools to be good predictors of current reading instruction group for nonhandicapped and mildly handicapped children. Iowa Tests of Basic Skills reading scores, curriculum-based measurement reading probes, and teachers' rating scale were able to stratify large sample of elementary school children into Chapter 1,…

Presents preliminary evaluation results regarding the reading component of the Learning Center at a four-year private university. Assesses the appropriateness of reading placement cutoff scores, the proportion of low-ability readers who succeed at the college, and success of students who follow placement recommendations compared with those who do…

A study of 184 pupils at a British comprehensive school (59 percent white, 41 percent Asian) showed that, in English, math, and science, white students were generally assigned to higher ability groups disproportionately to the racial composition of the sample. (SK)

This review of studies comparing children with behavioral disorders in different educational settings found that pupils in self-contained programs displayed greater improvement in academic achievement than did similar pupils in regular classes. However, the reverse pattern applied to changes in self-concept. Follow-up data indicated enormous…

High school students (n=106) with visual impairments completed the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory: High School Version and a 35-item extension of the instrument developed for students with visual impairments. The study found learning strategy differences related to students' grade point averages but not their preferred reading medium,…

Inclusive schools have a cohesive sense of community open to differences and responsive to individual needs. This sense of community is disrupted by the practice of pulling out gifted children for special services. Inclusion involves changes in philosophy, curriculum, teaching strategy, and structural organization. Schools should embrace…

Special education reform has targeted placement of children with disabilities. Terms such as "mainstreaming,""least restrictive environment," and "full inclusion" describe various reform stages. This article briefly reviews the history of special education reform, discusses current ideas related to best practice, and…

This survey of 232 parents of developmentally delayed or typical preschool children found that parent attitudes were favorable toward mainstreaming, regardless of their child's placement in a mainstreamed or segregated program. Compared to parents of segregated children, parents of mainstreamed children indicated stronger opinions about the…

This article reviews case law regarding the recovery of attorney's fees for counsel services prior to holding a special education hearing within the legal parameters of Public Law 99-372, the Handicapped Children's Protection Act of 1986. Implications suggest that schools should establish mechanisms to avoid costly legal involvements and states…

Describes a rural Illinois early-intervention program that incorporates long-term planning, interagency collaboration, and parental involvement in the transition of developmentally delayed young children to preschool programs. Compares four types of programs for disabled preschool students, and identifies factors for parents to consider in program…