Many researchers draw the conclusion that one independent variable has more impact than another without testing the null hypothesis that their impact is equal. This paper presents and recommends a technique for testing the relative magnitude of effects, rather than basing conclusions solely on descriptive statistics. (Author/BW)

Describes dilemmatic view of research process in which research is regarded as dilemmas to be lived with rather than problems to be solved. From this perspective, the proper starting place to discuss methodology is to lay out a series of choices, describe choices in terms of mutually incompatible goals involved, and discuss research strategies.…

A nonparametric test of dispersion with paired replicates data is described which involves jackknifing logarithmic transformations of the ratio of variance estimates for the pre- and posttreatment populations. Results from a simulation show that the test performs well under the null hypothesis and has good power properties. (Author/JKS)

Five prototypic issues derived from a dialectical perspective are proposed: relationism, evolving reciprocity, probabilism, timing, and the nonequivalent temporal metric. It is argued that these issues, while not changing the scientific method, have implications for specific procedures. (Author)

Three methods of handling disproportionate cell frequencies in two-way analysis of variance are examined. A Monte Carlo approach was used to study the method of expected frequencies and two multiple regression approaches to the problem as disproportionality increases. (Author/JKS)

A statistical analysis procedure is developed, based on the notion that many educational programs are dynamic interventions in natural growth processes, and is called value-added analysis. The theory of value-added analysis, and several applications are presented. (Author/JKS)

Three traditional methods of selection of variables to be included in a "best" regression equation are compared to a method designed to maximize weight validity. Implications for constructing regression equations for prediction are discussed, with consideration of the weight validity maximization method recommended in crucial situations.…

Problems associated with randomization tests in single- case experiments are discussed. This article follows a discussion of randomization tests in single case studies in the same issue of this journal. (See TM 505 799; 505 801).(Author/JKS)

Offers and applies a set of design criteria to characterize ten alternative models of reading or understanding. (MKM)

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how many more subjects are required to achieve equal power when testing certain hypotheses concerning proportions if the randomized response technique is employed for estimating a population proportion instead of the conventional technique. (Author)

McNemar's discussion of error reduction in a mixed two-group design fails to provide an algebraic presentation of this error reduction. This paper presents not only the algebraic development of the error term but shows that under certain conditions mixing may increase experimental error. (Author)

The Shine-Bower error term is used to form approximate F ratios for testing various effects in the Shine-Bower single-subject ANOVA and the Shine Combined ANOVA. Results demonstrate the utility of these F ratios with respect to the probability of a type I error. (Author/JKS)

Discusses the need in designing educational studies to give more attention to recognizing the universe of generalization and to incorporate into the design a variable that represents the universe. Data analytic techniques should treat the levels of this variable as randomly selected from the universe. (Author/JEG)

Focuses on the various designs utilized in North Central Association elementary evaluations. As the accreditation program continues it will be critical to have an ongoing assessment of the appropriateness of the "Policies and Standards", the structure of self-study formats, the procedures used in visitation and the quality of the follow-up program…

Examines the influences on research design selection and success in competition of 22 finalists at the 44th International Science and Engineering Fair. Findings show students are largely accurate in self-reports of design and interact with mentors on several levels outside influences reflect shifts in motivational orientation and success…