Describes reasons for, and presents some solutions to, the growing lack of understanding between the United States and the countries of Western Europe. Calls for revision of the major premises that governed the American approach, in government and academia, toward European affairs in the past. (KH)

Considerable stability was observed on measures of acceptance, rejection, preference, and impact in a one-year longitudinal study of sociometric stability and friendship choice consistency in an early-adolescent peer group. Findings provided new information about patterns of stability in early adolescent peer groups and revealed the need for…

Presents an overview of the field of comparative librarianship, i.e., systematic analysis of library development, practices, or problems as they occur under different circumstances, most usually in different countries in context of relevant background factors. Highlights include definition, purposes, research methodology, problems, and possible…

Studies the effect of implicit reinforcement on 32 fourth-graders; subjects copied the letters of the alphabet under varying reward conditions. (Author/CI)

A study of the history of teacher training in Germany reveals many "blind spots." Several research approaches that may shed light on the relationship between teacher training and the processes of school reform in history are discussed. (Author/DF)

The dissemination of effective school health education constitutes a significant problem. Two research questions discussed are the lack of data on how many children receive health information and insufficient evidence to ascertain the quality or quantity of health information presented. (Author/DF)

Surveyed 232 hospital employees to assess what organizational problems they would like researched, compared to what has been published. Responses of management and nonmanagement personnel were similar, and emphasized the need for studies of human relations, communication, and leadership. Discusses areas where academicians are not meeting needs.…

Reviews the empirical research on religious counseling from the last 10 years. Findings show that clergy do most of the religious counseling. Clients are often concerned with challenges or potential challenges to their values. There have been few examinations of religious counseling techniques. (Author/BL)

Describes the development of an instrument to measure the areas of emphasis established by a supervisor with a trainee. Includes the procedures used to establish the content, the basis for necessary revisions, and the statistical reliabilities that were obtained for each subscale and the total instrument. Suggestions for future research using the…

Discusses normative developmental changes in cardiovascular and electrodermal activity and describes the dynamic balance between branches of the autonomic nervous system. Issues for further developmental study are identified, and problems and limitations in the psychophysiological study of children are explored. (Author/RH)

Discusses the impact of the computer age on American educational needs and goals, assessing the increasing use of computers and the need for improved software. Considers costs involved in providing more powerful computers to schools and calls for research to clarify knowledge underlying software interaction paradigms. (JM)

Agrees that the conceptual validity of the Scientific Attitude Inventory is suspect and a conceptual reanalysis of the distinction between "attitudes to science" and "scientific attitudes" is needed. However, inquiry into whether such instruments are developed consistently with formal criteria and theoretical guidelines of…

Presents a framework delineating four influences on infant and family development: personality, social interaction, role, and ecology. Documents stable characteristics of parents' personality and marriage that affect family development and infant soothability. (Author/CB)

Discusses trends in adult education and their implications for instructional developers, and notes areas where reviews of research are needed: existing telecourse packages, recruitment and retention of adult learners, effective instructional strategies, logistics and costs of alternate delivery systems, and technical assistance and training needs…

The universities' role in the development of the new technologies is not essentially different from their current role for scientific knowledge in general: educating specialists, disseminating knowledge, and contributing to discoveries and applications of new knowledge. However, certain features of the new technology may impose constraints for…