Two experiments examined children's early judgments about numerical relations. Found that children as young as three years old are already adept at reasoning about relations between sets, independently of their ability to form numerical representations. Results support the existence of protoquantitative schemas, or ways of thinking about relations…

During a 1-day ropes course, 84 university residence assistants were exposed to 1 of 3 facilitation techniques (no debriefing, debriefing following experience, and using metaphors to frame upcoming experience). Results indicate that the experience was effective in producing individual and group change, metaphoric facilitation produced greater…

This study demonstrated that four adults with severe mental retardation could learn to use self-instruction in combination with multiple exemplars, could acquire the problem-solving strategy (responding to multiple exemplars and self-instructing) during training and generalize to untrained problem situations, and could exhibit response maintenance…

Explores families of parabolas that result from the graphs of quadratic functions. Computer software allows students to quickly depict a series of graphs and make conjectures about emerging patterns. Discusses cases in different parameters in the quadratic are varied to produce different effects in which the parabolas. (MDH)

Videotaped segments from a regular education world geography class were used in teaching three learning-disabled ninth grade students to generalize question-asking and answering skills. Training procedures implemented in a learning resource room were effective in improving generalization of target skills and increasing accuracy scores on…

Two preschool children with phonological disorders were administered a linguistically based treatment program that utilized minimal pair words. Only when motoric components (models and phonetic placement cues) were added did both subjects successfully pass through all treatment steps, though neither subject generalized trained sounds to treated…

This study of 14 children (ages 3-5) with disabilities participating in the Classwide Social Skills Program found that the program increased subjects' positive play and levels of teacher reinforcement, but these increases did not generalize to 3-month or 6-month follow-up periods nor to another play session in the day. (Author/JDD)

Two studies involving a total of five individuals with moderate mental retardation were conducted to investigate the effects of teaching the "One-More-Than" money counting technique. Results indicated the effectiveness of the technique in producing money counting skills that generalized to nontrained amounts and making community…

A self-management intervention package was used with preschoolers with developmental delays. Self-assessment of performance resulted in increases in active engagement across all participants during training, but generalization to classrooms was sporadic and short-lived. When recruitment of teachers' contingent praise was added, treatment effects…

A social behavior training package was implemented with 9 children (ages 12-13) with deafness and language disabilities. The package included child training as well as supervision, feedback, and goal-setting by teachers and residential staff members. Target behaviors increased and were generalized across settings, activities, and subjects during…

When two nonhandicapped peers of an autistic five-year old were trained to initiate social interaction, social interaction increased and then dramatically decreased in a reversal phase, and no decrease in the autistic child's disruptive behaviors was observed. When the autistic child was trained to initiate interaction, social interaction…

Misconceptions of Finnish secondary students about phases of the moon illustrate the separation of school learning from experience and cognition outside of school. Three approaches to overcome the encapsulation of school learning are suggested based on theories of V. V. Davydov, J. Lave and E. Wenger, and the author. (SLD)

Two experiments with young children with mental retardation found that a milieu teaching approach was effective in facilitating subjects' use of such prelinguistic communication skills as requesting, commenting, and vocal imitation, in both the training and generalized settings. Evidence of reciprocal effects on teacher-student interaction was…

This study, with three mildly handicapped nine-year olds, investigated the effects on capitalization skills of a peer teaching procedure combined with student letter-writing activities. Findings indicated acquisition of the skills, with mixed results for generalization. Two of the 3 mildly handicapped peer teachers (ages 10-11) also improved their…

Constant time delay procedures were used to teach 15 multiplication facts in 1 hour to a 10-year-old student with mild learning handicaps and behavioral disorders. Correct levels of responding were maintained and generalized across persons and settings up to 8 weeks after training. (DB)