Supervisors (N=80) heard tapes of a trainee describing how her client's depression lifted or worsened and attributing this change to her efforts (defensive style) or to the client (counterdefensive style). The counterdefensive trainee was judged to be more socially skilled, but the defensive trainee was rated as more self-confident. (BH)

Examined differences in supervision across levels of counselor training in three studies. Results were congruent with a developmental model, suggesting interpersonal influence variables, differences in supervisory effectiveness at different levels, and different types of critical incidents within supervision. (JAC)

The advantages of "script taking" for use as a supervisory skill are presented. It is an easy and efficient alternative to expensive electronic taping in observing teacher performance. (MD)

Proposes the Effective Supervision and Consultation (ESC) model as a guide for counselor educators who are helping agencies build effective supervision programs. The ESC model is presented with an emphasis on the assessment, training, and evaluation components of consultation services in counselor supervision. (JAC)

Discusses various approaches to the supervision of instruction and counseling, noting the assumptions made in each and the expectations held by each for both the supervisor and the supervised. (FL)

The Systems Supervisory Model is presented to help principals improve their supervisory skills and instructional staff. (MD)

What is the role of the supervision process as it relates to initiating and sustaining individualization in the classroom? Though each is integral to the total instructional effort, four distinct areas of responsibility may be discerned. These areas were discussed. (Author/RK)

Discusses the role of the college supervisor in the student teacher segment of teacher education programs and stresses the need for and importance of the position and the necessity to make it more professional. (MB)

The goal of this study was to identify relationships among the counseling behaviors of practicum trainees and the supervision behaviors of their supervisors during a one-semester counseling practicum. Trained judges rated several variables from audiotapes. Empathy levels of the supervisors had no apparent effect on the trainees. (Author)

Previous research regarding the supervision of psychotherapists has been primarily based on the perceptions of supervisors and supervisees at various levels of experience. This national survey examines the attitudes and beliefs of experts in the field of supervision concerning what constitutes effective supervision. A number of themes and…

Citing evidence that many of the nation's playgrounds are not safe for children, these three videotapes examine three areas of playground safety: supervising children during outdoor play, designing safe playgrounds, and maintaining playground equipment. The 13-minute "ABC's of Supervision" provides supervisors' strategies for preventing…

This review of recent literature suggests that there exist gender-based problems in counselor training supervision. Several of these problems are discussed in this paper. Though opinions of counselors appear, for the most part, to support stereotypes, actual measurements of supervisor behaviors suggest that stereotypical definitions may not always…

This study investigated the nature of professional burnout, specifically whether aspects of burnout in clinical staff in community mental health agencies were systematically related to aspects of leadership behavior and quality of supervision of clinical supervisors. Burnout was measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory, leadership behavior in…

This paper provides a brief history of attempts to monitor testing in the United States. It describes proposals for monitoring from the first attempts in the 1920s to similar proposals in the 1990s. The discussion focuses on: (1) Giles Ruche's proposal for a consumer research bureau on tests; (2) Oscar K. Burros' reviews of tests and efforts to…

The influence of several factors has changed the role of State Supervisor of Business and Distributive Education from supervision to leadership. He performs many leadership and managerial tasks in addition to his regulatory functions, necessitating closer liason between State departments and teacher training institutions. (AG)