Schools of tomorrow will be completely different physically and operationally. The author of this article states that we cannot tolerate the current high failure rates in terms of graduation and possession of the competencies needed to function successfully as citizens in a democracy, productively as workers and heuristically as learners. He lists…

The cost-effective management of instructional programs and facilities will continue to be a fundamental educational issue in the 21st century. This handbook discusses issues to be considered in assessing the cost effectiveness of year-round education (YRE). YRE has the potential to enhance student retention of material, reduce teacher and student…

The Education Council Act of 1991 established the National Education Commission on Time and Learning as an independent advisory body and called for a comprehensive review of the relationship between time and learning in U.S. schools. This document serves as a supplementary volume to the commission's first report released in May 1994, which found…

This publication offers suggestions for making more productive use of time, a scarce and valued educational resource. The chapter authors, authorities on the use of educational time, write about how to extend and enhance learning time within and outside schools. In "Productive Use of Time," Herbert Walberg describes how learning time can be…

Although there is much scientific research available to guide educational decision making, decision making based on prevailing conventional wisdom continues. Five areas are conspicuous for relying on this type of decision making. First, grade retention has been shown in over 600 studies to be detrimental to the child, yet the conviction persists…

Outcomes of the Orchard Plan, an experiment designed to reorganize funding to support new models of instructional delivery, are described in this report. Basic elements of the program include an extended school calendar; a reorganization of categorical funding into intersession enrichment courses for at-risk students; a reduction in class size…

Advantages and examples of year-round education are discussed in this publication. Advantages include instructional benefits, relief from overcrowding, savings on operational and capital costs, increased teacher flexibility, improved attendance, and reduced vandalism. Guidelines for implementation, calendar design, and descriptions of various…

The first section of the document consists of a questionnaire/survey instrument completed by 43 supervisors or coordinators of preschool handicapped programs as part of a study designed to evaluate the quality and efficiency of early education programs serving handicapped children (ages 3-5) in Louisiana during 1985-86. Frequency distribution of…

A review of research on time on task and length of school day or year reveals that time is not the only variable significantly related to student achievement. Research indicates that increasing time in school will not automatically increase student achievement or raise standardized test scores. Other variables such as corrective and immediate…

The resource guide on developing and/or refining extended school year (ESY) services is intended for local educational agencies in the State of Washington. Part I of the guide describes legal and educational issues, district policy development, eligibility factors, and includes one district's ESY data collection system. Section I presents a brief…

This annotated bibliography is a selected listing of 11 books and pamphlets, three dissertations, and 31 articles on year-round school programs published since 1962. The documents listed explore the effects on cost and educational quality of (1) staggered quarter plans, (2) quarter system plans, (3) staggered trimester plans, (4) split trimester…

This report, designed for State education agencies (SEAs), concentrates on recommended SEA activities that support local school district efforts in year-round education and on criteria for State legislation to facilitate year-round education. It suggests a strong SEA role in the provision of research and management information, financial support,…

Once the possibility of a rescheduled school year has been broached, staff inservice should be underway. Such variables as variations in the number of schools or pupils involved, the makeup of districts or communities, and differences in local policy or State regulations, as well as financial resources or personnel available, preclude designating…

The major activities carried out in the study were the researching of available data pertaining to past attempts at extended school year programs; programs now in operation; and current theories, projections, and sociological trends relative to extended school year plans. Each plan was evaluated according to its potential to contribute…

This publication, comprising evaluative study results of the Northville, Michigan schools, illustrates the cost benefits of a 45-15 extended school year versus a traditional school year at the elementary level. Operational costs for elementary students are compared on a per pupil basis. Estimates from the Northville case study suggest that an…