Describes three efforts to design research on innovation in organizations, each on a progressively more macrooriented tier (from the innovation project as the unit, to the organization, to the extraorganizational environment), along with the theoretical and empirical assumptions behind these efforts. (SR)

Reviews studies on the impact of organizational factors on the adoption of innovations along three dimensions (innovation type, innovation radicalness, and stages of adoption), finding considerable agreement. Proposes a research agenda for future studies. (SR)

In an adaptation from "The Making of an Adult Educator: An Autobiographical Journey," Malcolm Knowles, the father of adult learning theory, discusses motivation, self-directed learning, trainers and organizational change, and social and economic inequalities in the United States. (JOW)

Staff development is evolving from an emphasis on skill development to shared experiences designed to modify the culture of a school. This includes attention to curriculum development, instructional strategies that can deliver the curriculum, school climate, and effective communication between staff aand community. (JD)

Background and implications of the apparent trend toward adoption of corporate management techniques for college and university administration in Australia are examined, and problems seen in this approach are discussed. (MSE)

The desire for profit, power, prestige, notoriety, visibility, community support, and organizational survival has replaced character building as a guiding value of school sport. Restructuring school sports can enhance social values by altering the social atmosphere and environment for participants regardless of the kind and level of their…

Describes a model for planned change in schools that proposes four phases of change: (1) institutional commitment; (2) alteration in policy and practices; (3) alteration in roles and actions of staff; and (4) student learning activities. (JOW)

Offers opinions on what characteristics effective schools hold in common. Case studies of South Boston High School and George Washington Preparatory High School (California) reveal changes they made that led to dramatic improvements in their school's effectiveness. Also addressed are numerous lessons learned through past efforts to improve…

Organizations that promote work-related learning are topical because workplace cooperation is increasingly important. One of their chief risks is exclusion of certain groups of workers. Approaching competence as an individual and collective intelligence in production situations provides a framework for adapting to a volatile environment. (SK)

Considers the increasing involvement of counselors as consultants to effect organizational change. Presents a case example to demonstrate how Egan's systems model, "Model A," can be applied effectively for both the development of a consultation relationship and for organizational change. (JPS)

New ways of working affect career choices as follows: a career is a series of roles, not steps; project management is a key skill; project roles can be performed by insiders or outsiders; careers are made in markets, not hierarchies; and the fundamental career choice is not among companies but between specializing and generalizing. (SK)

Women will not make significant advances until the focus shifts from gender awareness to multicultural awareness. Management development must shift from assuming that white women are normative professional models to an inclusive perspective that recognizes women's diversity. (SK)

While a "lame duck" college president may have diminished authority, he may also enjoy an unusual opportunity to move the institution forward. Outgoing presidents who pursue a substantive agenda during their final months can calm fears and second-guessing, preserve institutional momentum, and conclude their term with the satisfaction of a job well…

Barriers to creating learning organizations include inability to change mental models, learned helplessness, truncated learning, individualism, culture of disrespect and fear, entrenched bureaucracy, part-time/temporary workforce, and diversity issues. Nevertheless, the learning organization is a sustainable vision for human resource development.…

Restructuring, downsizing, small business growth, and changing employment opportunities necessitate reexamination of business curricula. A cross-functional curriculum should provide a general education foundation, a common body of business knowledge, and business specializations relevant to tomorrow's workplace. (SK)