Presents an overview of the contributors' reactions and summarizes the controversies which arose from the 1975 APA presidential address. Thoughts on behaviorism as well as evolutionary theory in American psychology are also presented. (Author/AM)

Summarizes the recommendations made by the Panel on Chemical and Health of the President's Science Advisory Committee. Indicates the need of research in the biological effect of chemicals and a scientific flexibility rather than legal rigidity in their regulation. (CC)

In Skinner's philosophy neither esthetic, religious, moral, or scientific experience or motive has any basis in the reality of the world or man's nature. (Author)

Deals with biologically based sex differences in early childhood. Strategy is to assume that the earlier a particular behavioral difference appears in the life cycle, the more likely it is influenced by biological factors. Such biological influences may lead to differences in fear, cognitive functioning and variability between boys and girls.…

Concerned with the intellectual development of women and suggests that its principal determinants are biologically rooted potentials, parent-child relationships and both parent and subtle cultural reinforcement. (Editors)

An unusual birth history and an accumulation of other minor deficits were found to be present to a greater degree in underachievers than in children who achieve up to their potential. (Author/KW)

Reviews the arguments supporting and opposing the idea that human intelligence can be improved. Research on the hereditary and environmental determinants of intelligence is examined. Problems in defining and measuring intelligence are discussed. (AM)

Critically examines the empirical and theoretical basis for Maccoby and Jacklin's contention that males are more biologically predisposed toward aggressive behavior than are females. (Author/MP)

Two experiments are described that examined the influence of time-of-day of presentation on immediate and delayed retention and its potential effects on retrieval from long-term memory. Time of presentation was found to influence both immediate and delayed (28 day) retention, but not retrieval from long-term memory. (Author/SJL)

This paper presents further evidence to demonstrate the existence of intra-uterine effects within the normal range of intelligence. The argument is then extended further to estimate the effects of organic factors in the environment that are also pathogenic for intelligence. Various implications of these factors are discussed. (Author/KC)

Although it is possible to statistically estimate the degree to which genetic variation explains observed variation in human behavior, estimates of nongenetic behavior do not set an upper limit on the explanatory power of environmental variation. The two categories are not mutually exclusive: genetic variation often causes environmental variation.…