Psychosocial development is the focus of this psychology textbook. In part 1, a view of human development and society, the following areas are covered: (1) basic concepts of psychosocial development; (2) ways of viewing human development; and (3) dilemmas in human development. Part 2, the development of symbolic behavior and special factors in…

A study was conducted to examine two methods of presentation of social studies questions used in teaching selected concepts to second-grade children and to determine which method was more effective as reflected in the achievement demonstrated by the subjects. The procedure used was a 3x2x2 (Treatment by Sex by School Location) fixed-effects…

An investigation was made of the relationship of achievement marks assigned by teachers to elementary grade, lower socioeconomic status boys and girls to pupils' (1) racial background, (2) sex, (3) intelligence quotient, and (4) tested achievement. Teacher marking procedures were studied. The rationale was to inquire whether or not characteristics…

This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a survey concerning the teaching of foreign languages in Australia. Experimental research into the validity of the various aims and claims for foreign language teaching is summarized, and the authors conclude that while much research has been done on cognitive aspects,…

This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) of a report on an investigation started in 1957 by Martti Takala and Penti Pitkanen at the University of Jyvaskyla, Finland, to examine the connections between physical fitness and other measures of individual difference. The report deals with the structure and development…

To compare the adolescent's mode of thinking on one specific measure of cognition, conservation of volume, with his mode of thinking on a task simulating a familiar real-life situation, a study was made using 162 students (76 males and 86 females, 13.4 to 17.7 years of age, grades 7,8,9,10,12). The students, grouped according to age into four…

SELECTED ASPECTS OF COMPOSITIONS, WRITTEN BY INTERMEDIATE GRADE CHILDREN (FOURTH, FIFTH, AND SIXTH GRADES), WERE STUDIED TO REVEAL GROWTH GRADIENTS OF WRITTEN LANGUAGE BY THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS (1) SEX, (2) CHRONOLOGICAL AGE, (3) GRADE LEVEL, (4) GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION, AND (5) RESIDENCE AREA. THE SUBJECTS WERE 14,400 CHILDREN IN FOUR…

The relationship between physically and psychologically stressful experiences and the anxiety and self concept of 33 male and 11 female participants (aged 16-38 years) in a 23-day Colorado Outward Bound (OB) course was analyzed. It was hypothesized that the effects of the OB experience would: be the same for male and female participants; alter…

The efficacy of small group instructional activities dealing with transitive inference, conservation, and class inclusion of length was investigated in a sample of kindergarten (N=44) and first grade (N=45) children (mean ages of 5 years, 7 months and 6 years, 7 months respectively). The two instructional sessions (10 to 15 minutes each) employed…

In this study, twenty 3-day-old Caucasian neonates were observed before and during feeding in an attempt to demonstrate that individual characteristics of infants, such as alertness and social behaviors, are related to the interaction of mothers and infants during feeding situations. Ten of the infants were males, 10 were females; approximately 70…

Differences between Spanish-origin and other ethnic groups of farm wageworkers were investigated by comparative analyses of age, sex, education, migratory status, employment, and earnings. Farmworkers were defined as persons 14 years of age and over in the civilian noninstitutional population who did farmwork for wages at some time during 1973,…

The job mobility and job career of rural women of three generations (16-29, 30-54, and 55 and older) were compared to those of rural men. Data were derived from questionnaires given to the rural people of the Novosibirsk province during surveys conducted in 1967 and 1972. Two data arrays were used--605 questionnaires mechanically selected from the…

Results of a questionnaire survey conducted in the spring of 1975 to determine the educational, occupational, and career plans of college seniors in Indiana immediately prior to their completion of work toward a bachelor's degree are presented. Graduates from the public institutions were found to be significantly older than those from the private…

This study investigated (1) whether girls express greater or lesser interest in certain social studies methodology and content than do boys, and (2) whether, in these areas, differences exist between junior and senior high school students. Conducted in Georgia in 1976, the study involved 391 students representing rural and suburban areas. On an…

Three expressive writing tasks from the 1974 national assessment of writing are summarized and discussed in this report. Results indicated that for a majority of students, first-draft expressive writing is unstructured and lacking in coherence. The tendency to integrate feelings and to organize them in coherent expressions develops between the…