Fourteen planning papers commissioned by the National Institute of Education in preparation for a study of vocational education are presented. The papers are organized into four sections. Section one deals with selected features of federal grant-in-aid programs and contains these papers: "On Implementing the Vocational Amendments of…

This report reviews the legal status of female homemakers in the Virgin Islands and makes suggestions for action and legislation which will be more equitable in protecting homemakers' rights. The laws described in the report apply to wives who work at home as well as outside the home, but the report mainly concerns homemakers without outside…

The focus of this paper is on the social, cultural, and psychological problems women of East Indian origin share with other immigrant women in Canada. Also examined are problems that are unique to the East Indian woman and the ways in which she deals with the challenges, conflicting cultural values, and expectations that confront her. The…

This study examined ways professionally ambitious female elementary school teachers responded to different opportunities, in multiunit and conventional schools, to become influential on the teaching faculty in matters of instruction. Teachers in 27 schools received questionnaires and interviews every six months for two and one-half years. The…

The comparative impact of 2 intensive rural leadership development programs on male and female participants in Montana and Pennsylvania was examined. One goal of the one to three year programs (to increase the participants' involvement in public affairs organization) was tested by analysis of pre- and posttest data regarding participants…

Questionnaires were distributed to 6,354 elementary school students participating in the Holt Basic Reading System Field Study. Primary students reported that their favorite activity is watching television; intermediate students, playing sports. Approximately 25% of the students did not have a pet; 46% reported having a dog; 15%, a cat. Almost 48%…

This study examines the effects of sex, socioeconomic status, birth order and birth spacing on the cognitive performance of 12-week-old infants. A brief review of research on neonatal cognitive ability is followed by a description of the study itself. The subjects, 189 three-month-old Caucasian infants (61 first borns, 58 second borns, and 49…

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a teacher-directed model (TDM) and a decision-sharing model (DSM) of instruction on the development of body-concept and reduction of anxiety in elementary-age children. The treatment groups consisted of 99 public school children, grades three and four, who participated in either a movement…

In an effort to determine if Indian and white adolescents differed in their choice of defense mechanisms, a random sampling of tenth, eleventh and twelfth grade students from 22 Oklahoma public schools were given the Defense Mechanism Inventory. Scores for 170 Indian students and 197 white students assessed five categories of defenses: turning…

Sexual inequality is rooted in systematic male-female differences in employer-employee exchanges of productive resources for employment and pay. In an analysis of the effects of the differential distribution of personnel across the major job classes and hierarchical levels of a large utilities firm, the degree to which the male-female salary gap…

Designed to explore new reading readiness predictors that are not found extensively in the more commonly used commercial group tests and to develop new indices to measure the level of reading readiness of beginning first graders, a study was undertaken involving 115 children. The factor of sex in reading readiness was also investigated. An…

This short term longitudinal study of parent-infant interactions over 4 months beginning at birth examines interrelations among patterns of interactive behavior, characteristics of the parents and infants, and parental attitudes, knowledge and feelings in relation to their infants. Forty sets of mothers and fathers were observed interacting with…

Women administrators in higher education must deal not only with the usual challenges facing administrators (decision-making, resolving conflict, and advancing professionally), but also with the effects of sex stereotyping. Women are not seen as decision-makers, nor as conflict-resolvers, and are often viewed as supporting personnel rather than…

Ninety-eight first grade children were observed and tested on measures of classroom behavior, task performance, and physiological arousal level. In general, sex differences were found to be minimal, and were significant on only three out of the eighteen variables investigated. Results indicated that males were rated by teachers and observers as…

National Longitudinal Surveys of Labor Force Experience (NLS) data were used to describe those people who work outside the traditional 9:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. work day. Depending on the approximate time of day they worked, respondents were classified into four categories of workers: day, evening, night, and split shift (working hours interrupted by…