Analysis of school records of over 19,000 Israeli 12th graders revealed that secular and religious public high schools displayed different patterns of ethnic and gender inequality in distribution of students to higher-level humanities and science courses. Differing patterns of course taking are seemingly related to different views concerning the…

Maintains that teachers should acknowledge sexual orientation as an individual difference and address it in the classroom and the curriculum. Includes several examples of artists' sexuality being expressed through their work. Details four basic concepts important to this effort and includes several reference works on gay artists. (MJP)

Discusses the feminist perspective of librarianship, including following key issues: salaries, pay equity, and occupational segregation; faculty status, professional education, and recruitment; access to information; technology; and sociology of the workplace. A number of myths relating to this topic are addressed, and a bibliography of 18 recent…

Discussion of locus of control (LOC), gender, and mathematics and technical subjects focuses on a study of preschool girls and boys that investigated the effects of a LOGO program on efficacy and LOC. Highlights include treatment of experimental and control groups; gender differences; parent questionnaires; and pretests and posttests. (69…

Examined the relationships between violence within the family and child behavior problems in a sample of 185 children living at battered women shelters. Found that children were affected by witnessing violence between their parents and by harsh punitive discipline, particularly administered by mothers. Family violence variables were better…

Used a standard picture-ranking task to assess preschooler's attitudes about orthopedically handicapped individuals. Found that children as young as preschool age can hold a functionally related preference for a normal over a physically handicapped person. Children who held this preference interacted differently in social situations than children…

University faculty members, an elementary teacher, and a school psychologist used bookmatching, an innovative form of action research, to help a kindergartner cope with sexual abuse. The project created dramatic breakthroughs in the student's behavior. His classmates all grew in their knowledge of strategies to apply if confronted by abuse. (SM)

The article examines why women and young girls are predisposed to tobacco use, what gender-based variables are at play, what external variables facilitate the initiation of tobacco use, why women continue to smoke, and what intervention strategies can address females and at-risk subgroups. (SM)

This article describes five major stylistic qualities that college teachers possess and offers suggestions for when and how to employ them. It also discusses the development of the Teaching Style Inventory, which was administered to 381 faculty members to gauge the distribution of teaching styles across gender, academic rank, course level, and…

A study of 264 full-time African American social work faculty explored effects of gender, degree level, rank, tenure, and program type on manuscript submission to journals. Most manuscripts were submitted by a minority of subjects, about half were accepted, and high submission rates correlated with being male and having a doctorate. (Author/MSE)

U.S. (n=150) and Japanese (n=200) fourth graders generated multiple solutions with explanations for a simple mathematical task. U.S. responses revealed gender differences (girls averaged more responses), and comparison by nation revealed similarity of strategy frequencies, but Japanese students used more formal language and mathematical ideas. (13…

This study investigated achievement motivation based on a survey of 63 Latina women (43 doctoral graduates and 20 completers of doctoral coursework) and interviews with 10 of the women. Results indicated varying strengths in intrinsic achievement motives of mastery, work, competitiveness, and personal unconcern; low levels of sex-role…

Examined the effects of gender, attendance period, and age on 820 children's adjustment to nursery classes. Found that boys and afternoon attenders appeared to be less well adjusted to school than girls and morning attenders, and older children appeared better adjusted than the younger children. Results suggest strategies to help children adjust…

Reports on a study of bullying and other forms of student-caused distress among 836 secondary students in England. Finds students experienced much more peer abuse in secondary schools than in elementary schools. Also finds that males recorded a significantly higher incidence of physical abuse than did females. (CFR)

Analyzed stability and change in late adolescent attachment relations and the interrelationship among attachment, separation-individuation, and college adjustment variables. Results of two studies suggested stability in attachment to parents, over time, for both men and women. Security of attachment was inversely related to independence from…