Two surveys involving approximately 8,000 university and polytechnic institute graduates in Germany and the United Kingdom were conducted to analyze employment; income; position and status; work assignments; gender differences; and influence of type of institution, subject of study, and socioeconomic background. Experiences of British and German…

A study of counseling interests of 2,575 college freshmen found females more interested in educational/vocational and emotional/social counseling than males and males more interested in improving learning skills and getting counseling for alcohol use. Counselors are advised to examine more than presenting problems in counseling freshmen.…

Examines the conflicts that are exposed by the establishment of Muslim girls' schools, highlighting three specific areas. The first two areas reveal inadequacies in providing for Muslim pupils within the maintained sector and the problems caused for them by existing legislation. The third discusses the dilemma private Muslim schools pose for a…

Examined developmental and gender differences in relations between drug use and problem behavior. Found grade-related differences for 10 of the 18 substances investigated. Alcohol use showed the highest association with problem behavior. Girls who exhibited problem behaviors used or experimented with a wider variety of substances when compared to…

Explored the impact of dementia on family members' physical and mental health while caring for an ill parent/spouse. Severity of illness was significantly associated with health and well-being for spouses, offspring, and in-laws, regardless of the amount of caregiving. Demonstrates the potential cascading effect of severe illness. (RJM)

Examines the lexical and syntactic choices made by men and women in 29 separate hour-long interactions within 29 groups, each consisting of 2 men and 2 women. Data analysis reveals that, although women use intensifiers more than men and men use more hedges, their overall language use does not reflect any difference in social power. (42 references)…

Students from 26 colleges nationwide shared their perceptions of how well their professional preparation programs had covered the National Commission for Health Education Credentialing competencies for entry-level health education. Results found no significant differences by gender or educational level, but responses according to geographical…

To determine whether either automation or changing demographics may have influenced professorial habits or attitudes in relation to library instruction, a 1982 survey of faculty with additional questions on computerized searching was replicated in 1990 on the same large campus. The survey results are summarized and discussed; the questionnaire is…

Examined the role of two psychosocial stressors, self-concept and alcohol-related attitudes, in mediating alcohol use among Hispanic junior high school students and explored the link between the two factors in early adolescence. Concluded that Hispanic adolescents with more positive self-concepts and attitudes are less likely to use alcohol or to…

The seven chapters of this special issue identify research issues related to sex differences and mathematics achievement in an international context and consider some possible explanations, including neuropsychological differences, learning strategies, and attitudes. Recommendations are made for educational policy, curriculum development, and…

Examines the effects of persistent economic hardship on children. Both black and white children who experienced persistent family economic hardship demonstrated problems in peer relations, showed conduct problems at school, and reported low self-esteem. Connections between persistent economic hardship and psychosocial adjustment were more…

Examines, by gender, the outcomes of the Minnesota Heart Health Program's Class of 1989 Study, presenting observations of the stability of students' behaviors over seven years. Self-reported data on various health-related behaviors indicated that girls may be more receptive than boys to social influences models of health education. (SM)

Approaches to studying were measured in male and female students taking arts and sciences degrees at three British colleges. Students taking science courses had greater reproduction orientation than those in arts courses. Females had greater meaning orientation in arts courses taken in a "female" learning environment, and when taking…

The College of Wooster (Ohio) has instituted a required one-semester freshman seminar, designed to teach students critical writing and thinking skills, and focusing on racism and sexism in U.S. society. Critics see the seminar as a left-wing attempt to ensure "political correctness." (DB)

Describes the Technical Literacy Project which was developed at the University of Nottingham to examine and compare the computer literacy skills of graduating secondary school students and industry workers. The use of Macintosh computers and HyperCard software is explained; gender differences are examined; and results showing better performances…