A study of the academic and nonacademic careers of doctoral degree recipients in chemistry, history, psychology, and the biological, physical, and social sciences after 3, 5, and 13 years found academic ability and doctoral program quality to influence job settings and responsibilities, and in turn, productivity and income. (MSE)

British engineering students felt that the advantages of industry sponsorship were money, training experience, and job opportunities. Disadvantages included lack of a variety of work experience and breaks from academic work. The study also examined student problems with sponsorship and the influence of sponsorship on choice of subjects and…

This study examined how the promotion of choice in three schools affected the structure of early adolescent peer culture. The very structure of the roles and incentive systems in the schools, by failing to address the social context of individualism, fostered an ethos of possessive individualism. (RM)

Findings suggest that the Personalized System of Instruction in the introductory speech communication course tends to equal or be more effective than the lecture-recitation format in (1) attitudes toward and satisfaction with the course; (2) academic achievement; (3) alleviating communication apprehension; and (4) growth in communication skills.…

Describes a study of classroom interaction conducted between 1980 and 1984. Findings include male students are given more attention in classrooms, educators are unaware of the impact of this bias, brief training can eliminate sex bias from the classroom, and increasing equity in the classroom increases teacher effectiveness. Includes 10…

Addressing major themes of the commission's "Open Letter to the American People," this article discusses reading and writing skills development, and the cognitive skills involved in these processes. An effective teaching method, the Language Experience Approach based on aural/oral language with reading and writing combined, is detailed. (MBR)

Discusses alterable elements of classroom organization, traditional approaches to instructional improvement, and "component building," an alternative approach to education. The component-building approach involves an extensive program of field experimental research on classroom practices that are or could become components of complete…

This synthesis of research focuses on nine factors influencing learning, including student characteristics, instructional factors, and environmental factors. In conclusion, the need for devoting more time to academic learning both in school and out of school and the importance of enlisting families as partners in education are emphasized. (MJL)

Covers needs in research on higher education in China, theory and practice, higher education and society, history of Chinese education and the experience of other countries (briefly), and educational leadership and mass participation in research. (MH)

Reports an investigation showing the different purposes of seeking information and the different sources of information used by elementary and secondary administrators, support personnel, teachers, and department heads. Discusses implications of the study in the development of information delivery systems. (SB)

Deals with research at the Institute for Educational Research (Jyvaskyla, Finland) during the 1970s and compare it with other educational research in Finland during the period. Emphasis of institute activity was on primary education, with a considerable amount of research on higher education. Future research needs are noted. (MH)

National surveys of graduate and social science deans showed that teaching is alleged to be the primary factor in all personnel and resource allocation decisions. However, there is much less support for teaching in practice. Reasons include inadequate funding, the imperfect institutionalization of teaching support structures, and the lack of a…

Study showed that the student teaching experience doesn't affect the classroom management beliefs and skills of music education majors. These research results challenge conventional expectations regarding student teaching and can be viewed as supportive of teachers of methods' efforts to help future teachers acquire realistic beliefs and skills…

Summarizes and evaluates briefly the findings of research on the effects of various middle-level grade organizations on students' achievement, discipline, self-discipline, self-esteem, and social development. (PGD)

Describes the development of a new course for teacher education at a Black South African university. Institutional, cultural, and political explanations are provided for the failure of the innovation. (RM)