Approaches to organizational change are examined, and the means for overcoming resistance to change are suggested. Seven models of change commonly used are identified as: (1) decree; (2) replacement of personnel; (3) structural reorganization; (4) group agreement; (5) data discussion; (6) group problem solving; and (7) T group. The sixth change…

As older adult organizations stretch to meet the needs of a growing older adult client population, these Senior Citizen Centers, clubs and other programs are increasingly unable to understand and control their internal as well as external environments. Organizational Development, a body of applied behavioral science techniques, can help older…

As older adult organizations stretch to meet the needs of a growing older adult client population, these Senior Citizen Centers, clubs and other programs are increasingly unable to understand and contol their internal as well as external environments. Organizational Development, a body of applied behavioral science techniques, can help older adult…

This paper examines the effect of a federal agency's image on its creation, initial operation, and continuing activity. Focusing their attention on the National Institute of Education (NIE), the authors examine the origins of NIE's initial image, the utility of that image in securing congressional approval for its creation, and the relationship of…

This analysis is an attempt to specify the purposes and factors in organizational change and continuity. Denial of the purposeful premise makes possible an environmental perspective that views the characteristics of organizations as a function of their adaptation to their environment. This approach is based on the premises that (1) change in what…

This publication is intended to aid practicing educators in reviewing and utilizing current principles of problem-solving and decision-making. The booklet is organized in five short sections that briefly discuss different aspects of organizational problem-solving and outline suggested steps to guide educators in applying problem-solving techniques…

The Educational Management Development Center (EMDC) seeks to build the organizational capability for problem-solving through a process offered in the context of a dynamic, operating system. The problem-oriented school manager is helped by support staff to take administrative theory, successful practices, personal experiences, and leadership…

This book is a compilation of papers that consider the current state of the art of competency/performance-based teacher education. Organized into six parts, the first part of this book reports three frames for conceptualizing research in competency-based education. The keynote address outlines five major areas for research: assessment of…

There are real opportunities for women in engineering, reflecting demands created by the dramatic rate of change in society. Increasingly complex technology, fast response time, the demands of production and managerial positions, increased levels of education and sophistication of employees, shifts in motivational needs, and new organizational…

This study empirically explores patterns of authority delegation by Nebraska state agencies to substate regional organizations and evaluates the effectiveness of those patterns in realizing the goals of decentralization. Information about the field operations and role perceptions of various state agencies was gathered through use of a…

Part I of this report presents observations on the literature on change and is concerned with the value of the literature to the practitioner. It attempts to join knowledge of the change literature with knowledge of the educational setting. Part II analyzes the literature under the following headings: (1) definitions and types of change, (2)…

Technological innovation in the form of the introduction of a formal information system represents change to the people within the organization. This paper (presented to California Educational Administrators participating in the Executive Information Systems program of Operation PEP--Prepare Educational Planners) is directed to those managers who…

This paper introduces organizational development and describes its potential utility to the planning community. The paper first points out some current practices in educational planning that may violate principles of effective human behavior in educational organizations. The centralization of goal setting and decisionmaking and the failure to…

This report, the ninth in a series of ten, is presented by the Steering Committee, the Study of Education at Stanford. The series, based on the concept that education should be a continuous process of discovery throughout life, sets forth recommendations for strengthening the academic enterprise of Stanford University. In this report the Committee…

This volume focuses on the process by which the consultant builds readiness for organizational development (OD) programs, actually conducts training, and works with the key individuals of an organization as part of an OD program. Part I describes in some detail the human processes in organizations--communication, functional roles of group members,…