Although the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 does not specify the primary purpose of the Special Emphasis Program, it is generally categorized as serving a dual function of research/demonstration and service delivery. A General Accounting Office (GAO) review was held to determine the efficiency and effectiveness of the…

There are two general categories (not necessarily mutually exclusive) of congenital defects: (1) abnormalities that have an hereditary basis, such as single and multiple genes, or chromosomal abberration; and (2) abnormalities that are caused by nonhereditary factors, such as malnutrition, maternal disease, radiation, infections, drugs, or…

An exploratory study examined the job and life satisfaction of a sample of 32 female entrepreneurs residing in the tri-state area of Maryland, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. To compare the entrepreneurs' concepts of life and job satisfaction to those of women in more traditional occupations, researchers also studied a sample of 32 female nursing…

Graphics research history shows that some topics have been studied heavily while others have been almost entirely neglected. Furthermore, researchers have used many different methods of defining and measuring effects such as legibility and comprehension, and this, together with vagueness in reporting, makes it difficult to compare studies and draw…

An action-theory framework is used to systematically analyze the educational literature about student involvement in learning. Action is self-directed and arises from internal stimuli. In contrast, behavior is other directed and responds to external stimuli. The review focuses on the involvement of secondary learners in curricular, rather than…

Psychologists can gain insight into human behavior by examining what people feel about, know about, and do with, computers. Two extreme reactions to computers are computer phobia, or anxiety, and computer addiction, or "hacking". A four-part questionnaire was developed to measure computer anxiety. The first part is a projective technique which…

This report explores the complex agenda of issues, promise, and problems that building a developmental science of programming entails and emphasizes the need to highlight different types of programming and programmers, the different cognitive subtasks involved in programming, and the social character of many programming efforts. An introduction…

The report of the National Council of Teachers of English Task Force on Study of Class Size and Workload in Secondary English Instruction takes the position that class size should be studied by itself and also in conjunction with other variables. It also identifies subject matter and instructional design as types of variables combining with class…

This paper underlines the need for training teacher educators and developing readiness that will enable them to adapt the benefits of information technology for use in teacher education and related research. Information technology and its challenges for teacher education are examined, as far as the student is concerned, from two points of view:…

Interpersonal communication plays an important role in health and health care. Five topic areas of problem-oriented interpersonal health communication research demonstrate this important role: lack of patient compliance, miscommunication and misinformation, insensitivity, unrealistic and unfulfilled expectations, and dissatisfaction. More…

This article discussed the roles of the various participants in the referral process as well as several other of its dimensions including the holistic/atomistic, the horizontal/vertical, and the personal/institutional. It is suggested that referral be seen in human terms and as a "transfer of trust." (Author)

In every Asian country, the majority of the adult population has less than primary education. With the high rate of population increase and national development goals of industrialization and modernization of agriculture, the problem of illiteracy should be expected to become increasingly severe unless adult literacy plans are systematically…

University adult education departments should forego functions not directly related to adult education, thus concentrating their energies and resources; two of their main concerns should be the training of adult educators and the initiation of research into curriculum development, community development, and the effectiveness of teaching practice.…

Attacking organizational problems of vocational personnel development, Southern Illinois University (Carbondale) focused on participatory planning and commonalities among specialty areas of vocational education without identity loss. Through consultants' recommendations, an administrative unit emerged to work on developing course commonalities,…

Criticized are recent research efforts to validate the diagnostic prescriptive model of remediating learning disabilities, and proposed is a 6-step psychoeducational model designed to ascertain links between behavioral differences and instructional outcomes. (DB)