Six studies are summarized in which repeatable methods were tested in quasi-experimental settings to test hypotheses relating to a cognitive approach to counseling. In each study, a repeatable mode of counseling was developed, research counselors were trained to a high level of competence, their performance was validated by tape recordings,…

The papers in this volume are directed toward the problems of delineating and developing programmatic, directed, or targeted research and development. Because the authors represent a variety of research and development contexts both in and outside the educational system, the report is broadly representative of current thinking on programmatic…

The growth of research in the community college field is reviewed. The need for a general systems approach to classifying and organizing research designs is stressed. A taxonomy is proposed with major categories of input, process, and outcome variables. A community college is considered ideal for "open systems." The practical value of this…

Science and Technology research plans formulated for the Siberian Department of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences are analyzed in this article to illustrate the tasks of scholars, workers, and engineering and technical personnel in the fulfillment of the 24th party congress resolutions The hypothesis of developing Siberia and the Far East up to the…

Research to date has provided too few answers for vital educational questions concerning teaching children or letting them learn. A basic problem is that experimentation usually begins by accepting conventional assumptions about schooling, ignoring experiments that would entail disturbing the ordering of current educational priorities.…

The unbiased estimate of a "treatment effect" reached by analysis of covariance in a nonrandomized experiment would often require that a different covariate be used in each treatment. A sufficient but unlikely condition for an unbiased estimate is that the covariate for each treatment is (1) the complete covariate that predicts the outcome as…

This report discusses the importance of research on the ways in which educational institutions develop and adapt to their environments and examines three different approaches for conducting such research. Most of the report is organized into three major sections, each of which focuses on a different method of organizing and structuring research on…

This is one of a series of eight short monographs intended to aid practicing educators in planning and conducting accountability programs in schools. This booklet discusses how to develop an experimental design appropriate to the objectives of a particular research or evaluation effort. Short sections focus in turn on the characteristics of a good…

Research design sampling models regarding educational research of within-grade influences on overall educational experiences are discussed and limitations of each model noted. (DEP)

Defended is the concept of the self contained special classroom for educable mentally retarded students. (Author)

College student and adult subjects were studied in five experimental formats to gauge how well people can estimate the frequency of death from specific causes. Subjects tended to overestimate the rate of rare causes, underestimate likely causes, and be influenced by drama or vividness. (Author/SJL)

Although it makes a great deal of sense to attempt to design reading research so as to be able to generalize beyond the particular reading passages used in an experiment, the suggestion that tests of statistical significance are a necessary part of making valid generalizations is nonsense. (HOD)

The authors respond to criticism of their review of "Teaching Styles and Pupil Progress." They make further objections to the book's research design, compare various "teaching styles" studies, and suggest that the studies' findings are due to different amounts of time devoted to subjects by teachers with different objectives. (MF)

To investigate the quality of response to the personal interview, a survey was undertaken among Mexican-American migrant parents and children. Results demonstrate that the personal interview does not gather complete response. (Author/AM)

This paper comments on an anthropologist's field experience with a Chinese community in an American city. This particular community had mixed feelings about being studied, was composed of competing groups, and overtly attempted to manipulate the anthropologist's participation in community affairs. (Author/AM)