This paper aims at projecting present Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) trends into the 1970's so that association leaders can assess these directions in the light of societal conditions predicted for the 1970's, determine which trends should be changed, and identify the kind of intervention necessary to effect such changes. Projection is…

This book, written for managers, specialists, and students of management, is based largely on the author's experience in helping organization leaders with planned-change efforts, and on related experience of colleagues in the field. Chapter 1 presents the background and causes for the increased concern with organization development and planned…

From March 1966 to September 1967, participation observation field work in the black community of South Central Los Angeles was done to investigate certain ideological and organizational developments after the riot of August 1965. The study focused on "Operation Bootstrap," a small self-help job training organization, which was a relatively direct…

The Essex County College Learning Resources Center was established within a two-month period in 1968, allowing no time to train personnel, develop procedures, or do organized planning. Consequently, the Director developed a tight central leadership and decision-making system. It was decided that the organization needed a management system that…

The "blue collar blues" and the "white collar woes" are plaguing business and industry, and the alienation of the American work force is manifest. Organizations are rapidly realizing that they must change or die. Recent work in organizational development has established a causal relationship between managerial communication effectiveness and…

One important variable used in measuring organizational health is the domain of the organization. For schools, the domain of the organization can be described by (1) the population served (clientele), (2) the problems treated (output), or (3) the services rendered. Organizational effectiveness can be successfully determined only if the domain of…

Current practices of planning-programing-budgeting systems in educational organizations have been criticized because they impose objectives, emphasize hierarchical control, and foster unproductive climates. A new method, organizational development, makes effective use of human behavior and when used with PPBS could provide an efficient system for…

During the academic year 1970-71 a major organization change effort was undertaken in a community college in the New York State system. This change effort represents a unique combination of three organization development techniques-survey feedback, diagnostic workshops, and systematic problem solving. Survey feedback was aimed at total…

This monograph describes a study of entrepreneurship in new technologically-based firms. The work is based on empirical data gathered primarily in interviews with individuals who formed such enterprises. Most of the research was conducted in one of the nation's centers of technological entrepreneurship, the San Francisco Peninsula area around Palo…

Organizational effectiveness must rely above all else on the development and interaction of human beings within the organization's context. This basic premise set the stage for a joint research project on institutions of higher education which was completed in 1971. The researchers examined institutions from the perspective of members of…

Since evaluations have shown that organizational development is a plausible and useful vehicle for improving school climate, it needs to be extended in various ways, including (1) further scientific study of organizational development in schools; (2) more research into the processes and effects of organizational development training; and (3)…

This paper discusses (1) the tasks of the change agent, (2) the different dimensions of choice the administrator has in specifying the change agent role, and (3) the optimally specified role. A change agent must establish a relationship with a client system, diagnose the client system, select the correct helping role, determine change objectives,…

Communication researchers have studied the role of the change agent -- the professional helper who stimulates change at the individual, group, organizational, or community level. Few recognize, however, that the change agent is a member of a formal organization whose norms and values often diverge from those of the clientele system. This paper…

THE USES OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND COMPUTER SIMULATION OF SCHOOL ORGANIZATION WERE EXPLORED TO FIND NEW WAYS TO IMPLEMENT INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA. THE USES OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS RECOMMENDED WERE--(1) TO FACILITATE IMPROVEMENT OF PRESENT INSTRUCTIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PLANNING SYSTEMS AND (2) TO EXPLORE THE FEASIBILITY OF PROPOSED SCHOOL ORGANIZATIONS. THE…

The Sports Institute for Research/Change Agent Research (SIR/CAR) model and method for research in organizational history are used to analyze the growth and development of the Canadian Intercollegiate Athletic Union (CIAU) from its inception in 1906 through its breakup in 1955 and its reestablishment in 1961. Four stages of growth are identified:…