Presented in this publication are summaries of projects in advisory services, coastal zone studies, fisheries and aquaculture, marine products, and ocean engineering. A listing of publications and an activity budget are included. The Annual Report for 1973-1974 is intended to be a general overview of the total activities of the Sea Grant Program…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of being imitated on behaviors of preschool children. Each of 24 subjects was given a choice of three responses in a marble-dropping task and was required to make one choice, after which an experimenter either imitated or did not imitate a subject's behavior. The results indicated that when a…

A comparison of cognitive consistency was conducted across two cultural groups. Forty-five American subjects in Southern California and 45 subjects in Northern Greece responded to a questionnaire written in their native language and which contained three classical paradigms for balance theory. It was hypothesized that significant differences in…

The present study investigated how type of interaction between groups affects intergroup hostility and how this intergroup hostility may be reduced. In the first phase of the study groups were led to believe that they were either competing, cooperating, or having no interaction with a second group. The results indicated that competition led to the…

The author hypothesized that (a) an analysis of the research literature would lead to identifying the behaviors and dispositions associated with successful goal-setting and goal achievement. He further hypothesized that (b) based on these data, an instructional package could be constructed to teach children a skill-strategy based on selected…

The study compares two methods of evaluating vocational programs in Tennessee: an on-site instrument used by the Tennessee State Division of Vocational Education and a self-evaluation method using Ray's Self-Checklist of Quality Vocational-Technical Programs. The study evaluates vocational programs in office occupations and distributive,…

In 1962, the Swedish Department of Educational and Psychological Research started the second Swedish school of education in Malmo. The main tasks of the department are research and development work associated with educational problems, participation in teacher training, and the training of researchers in education. For a number of years the…

Internal-External Locus of Control refers to the extent to which persons perceive contingency relationships between their actions and subsequent outcomes. Those who believe they have some control over payoffs in their lives are called "Internals.""Externals," on the other hand, believe consequences are directed by agents outside of themselves.…

Three hypotheses were derived from our basic premise that, among women, social factors are critical in the choice of a high status, nontraditional career. Women applying to nontraditional careers should have lower affilitative needs than women applying to traditional careers. As compared with women entering a traditional field, women entering a…

Papers from a workshop on compensatory education involving twenty researchers in eleven member states in the Council of Europe are included in this document. The objective of the workshop is to enable the researchers to discuss the problems which face compensatory education projects at a higher level of technicality than that permitted at the…

This paper presents the major results of a study for the American Cancer Society on cigarette smoking among teen-age girls and young women, and findings relevant to the prevention and quitting of smoking. The four major trends found in this study are: (1) a dramatic increase in cigarette smoking among females; (2) an intellectual awareness of the…

This paper presents theory concerning the relationships between reliability, misinformation and item discrimination coefficients. It is shown that, to the extent that misinformation rather than ignorance causes examinees to miss multiple-choice items, higher item discrimination coefficients and lower difficulty indices may be expected. Data were…

This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of a one and a half hour workshop on changing attitudes toward women. The subjects were 34 counselors who attended a workshop entitled "Intervention Strategies for Modifying Sex Stereotypes." The 27-item alternate forms were devised out of the full scale 55-item Attitudes Toward Women Scale and…

This paper discusses work on hypnotic amnesia as a paradigm of laboratory induced state-specific memory. Earlier research on sleep-specific learning and learning in varied states of consciousness is reviewed. Posthypnotic amnesia is viewed as an effective method of studying state-specific recall of episodic experiences. It is noted that highly…

This is the first stage of a research project concerned with the various ways in which parents perceive and categorize children's behavior and the effect this perception may have on parental reaction to such behavior. The present study compared the various ways in which mothers and fathers perceptually categorize the behavior of girls and boys. A…