Adult learners of a new language (L2) tend not to achieve target-like knowledge and performance, so the cognitive status of L2s has long been debated. While monolingual native (L1) speakers robustly apply their grammatical knowledge to input as it unfolds, there are competing claims about whether L2 speakers also do so reflexively (Dekydtspotter,…

Nationally, the 4-H Youth Development Program utilizes more than 350,000 adult volunteers annually, and 25% of the nation's K-12 students identify as Hispanic or Latino; however, there is a dearth of published literature on Latino volunteerism in the 4-H Youth Development Program. Developmental relationships, a critical component of realizing…

Previous research has found that different presentations of the same concept can result in different patterns of transfer to isomorphic instances of that concept. Much of this work has framed these effects in terms of advantages and disadvantages of concreteness or abstractness. We note that mathematics is a richly structured field, with deeply…

From 2015-2016, IREX implemented a media literacy training program called Learn to Discern (L2D) that trained Ukrainian citizens to critically assess news media messages and identify misinformation. In 2017, IREX conducted a quasi-experimental impact evaluation in a stratified random sample of L2D participants and a control group (n=412) matched…

Purpose: The goal of this study was to determine how background noise, linguistic properties of spoken sentences, and listener abilities (hearing sensitivity and verbal working memory) affect cognitive demand during auditory sentence comprehension. Method: We tested 30 young adults and 30 older adults. Participants heard lists of sentences in…

We assess the relationship between general literacy skills and health status by analysing data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), an international survey of about 250,000 adults aged 16-65 years conducted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) from 2011-15 in 33…

This paper describes a novel automated disengagement tracing system (DTS) that detects mind wandering in students using AutoTutor, an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) with conversational agents. DTS is based on an unsupervised learning method and thus does not rely on any self-reports of disengagement. We analyzed the reading time and response…

The purpose of this study is to ponder some theoretical considerations concerning a predominant phenomenon of mental translation (MT) observed by second language teachers and learners in learning and using a second/foreign language. The sample available to the researcher consists of seven female adult learners speaking different languages. The…

We studied the associations between childhood-identified learning disabilities and adult-age mental health and whether adult-age reading and math skills, coping styles, or resilience influenced the associations. The participants were 159 Finnish adults (60.4% males). Of them, 48 (30%) had a reading disability (RD), 22 (14%) had a math disability…

The World Value Survey wave 6 was analysed to examine the relationship between gender and perceptions of gender roles among Nigerians. Descriptive and inferential statistics like frequency distribution, percentage, t-test, ANOVA and stepwise regression were used. The study found out that there is a positive relationship between gender and…

The salience of education for better life outcomes is well accepted, but people with disabilities continue to be underrepresented in higher education. Building on Weedon's approach to the intersection of impairment with socioeconomic factors, this paper identifies the facilitators and barriers encountered and/or experienced by young people with…

Lexical ability, an umbrella term to cover various knowledge and skills pertaining to words in print, is a key component in reading comprehension. Little is known how different facets of lexical ability jointly contribute to L2 reading comprehension and how the contributions may differ between higher- and lower-proficiency L2 learners. This study,…

In the context of online stories and games, web forms can be an excellent instrument for generating interactive narratives. Using web forms, authors can enable readers to make decisions that influence the story's progression. Additionally, web forms can be used for interactive reading tasks, not only to increase reading but also to promote foreign…

The National Board of Certification and Recertification for Nurse Anesthetists (NBCRNA) conducted a one-year research study comparing performance on the traditional continued professional certification assessment, administered at a test center or online with remote proctoring, to a longitudinal assessment that required answering quarterly…

There is growing body of scholarship that examines adultism through various methodologies and in a variety of settings, including labor, education, and society. In addition, studies of adultism increasingly recognize how this from of power intersects or is parallel with other forms of oppression. This research is generative for illuminating the…