Presents a historical perspective of affirmative action, examining the case for and the case against affirmative action and offering guidelines for advancing toward the goals of equal opportunity and a community that engages all of its citizens. This information is presented within the context of diversity, with a focus on diversity management.…

Examines major decisions in the United States, South Africa, and the European Court of Justice related to affirmative action in the workplace. Suggests explanations for differences among the conclusions reached and argues that more rigorous reasoning might enable courts to reach just and realistic decisions. (JOW)

A time limit ensures periodic review of a race-based program to make sure that it is maintained only if needed or, if necessary, modified to better achieve its goals. The 25-year time limit announced by Justice O'Connor grabbed public attention which shows that University of Michigan affirmative action cases would be of monumental importance to…

In this article, the author comments on the issue of race and education in America. The author predicts that although the Supreme Court's recent ruling sheds some welcome light on affirmative action for higher education, the debate over the merit and methods of diversifying the student body will continue. By proactively addressing diversity,…

This article examines the specific historical experiences of minority students at the University of Michigan from 1970 to the late 1990s, in order to provide a context for understanding and appreciating the ways in which affirmative action remedies should address patterns of past discrimination.

Opponents of higher education affirmative action programs are gearing up to launch their largest attack in recent years. The planned assault comes in the wake of the recent U.S. Supreme Court ruling that severely limited the use of race in K-12 integration plans. It was Ward Connerly, the chairman of the American Civil Rights Institute, a…

A historical perspective is offered to explain how race has declined in significance as higher education and student affairs have moved toward multicultural social justice. Educators and administrators are urged to reconsider race and racism in dialogues, programs, policies, and institutional change efforts.

This article examines the origins and development of citizenship and equal rights by the Reconstruction Congress (1865-1875) to determine if it created a new constitutional order that is color blind and thus prohibits the use of racial classifications by government to achieve school desegregation and affirmative action programs. The theory of…

This article presents findings of a study on black students attending selective colleges and universities in the United States. Results of a study by sociologists at Princeton University and the University of Pennsylvania indicate that more than a quarter of the black students enrolled at selective American colleges and universities are immigrants…

As described in the 2003 Supreme Court decision on "Grutter v. Bollinger," the newly embraced conceptualization of diversity as "diversity within all disciplines" requires a renewed effort on the part of educators to determine whether universities are fulfilling their missions of achieving faculty diversity. A related and equally important…

Background/Context: Although frequently associated with the United States, affirmative action is not a uniquely American social policy. Indeed, 2003 witnessed review and revision of affirmative action policies affecting higher education institutions in both France and the United States. Using critical race theory (CRT) as a theoretical lens, this…

Asserts that tenure may violate Title VII of the Civil Rights Act or more general affirmative action concepts. (Author/PG)

The analyses and suggestions of 38 leaders in education, feminism, foundations, law, and government are collected to set contexts for decisions facing colleges and universities concerning those students, faculty members, and administrators who are women. Among the issues are affirmative action, academic programs, accountability, equality, and…

The implementation of an affirmative action program for the mentally and physically handicapped is presented. The success of the program depends on a working relationship between the rehabilitation community and the business world. (EC)

A nationwide survey of two-year college faculty revealed that supporters of affirmative action tended to value equality and to be female, part-timers, less secure in and less satisfied with their jobs, younger, working on doctorates, and overrepresented by Blacks. Opponents tended to be male, full-timers, secure in their jobs, older, and…