An "organic" relationship between change agents and clients is a well-popularized goal in recent literature on planned change and organization development. There is, however, a dearth of literature on how to manage change programs under parameters set by this organic value. This paper examines one school organization development program for the…

In the article, "Emerging Issues in Pupil Personnel Services" (PPS), the problem of professional organization of PPS is discussed. Ground rules are given for developing large geographic units. The position of the community is next presented, the place of mental health, community aides, and institutions in a community. As Maslow points out, basic…

This 5-year educational plan intends to change the Department of Industrial Education and Technology to a more inclusive program entitled the School of Industry. The purposes of the university, the goals of the department and school and community factors are all considered. The action phase of the program change deals selectively with aspects of…

This study attempts to develop a broad model or concept, based largely on empirical evidence, which applies social science knowledge and methodology to the planning of change in corporations, armies, schools, hospitals, government, community groups, and other formal and informal organizations. Chapters 2,3, and 4 define and discuss the roles of…

A former New Jersey local official discusses the complex organizational structures in universities, government, and businesses that have developed to serve the needs of citizens. Each of these specialized structures developed a rather high level of efficiency, and each set its own priorities, criteria, and cost factors. Now this functional…

There are numerous indications that school districts across the nation increasingly view year-round school operation as much for the opportunities to improve the educational program as for reasons of space utilization or economy. Additionally, a year-round school operation could capitalize on the school's capability for individualization of…

A human relations laboratory for junior high school personnel was conducted as an in-service offering by two counselors. The purpose of the laboratory was to develop in the participants an appreciation of, and a capacity to perform, three primary learning tasks: (1) generation of valid and useful information; (2) organization of choices emanating…

A three-year study was made at a printing firm which had experienced rapid post-war expansion followed by conditions of tension, uncertainty, and confusion when some product lines were found to be in over supply or unprofitable. There was a growing distance between management and workers. An experimental program for three of the five company…

This paper reports on the history, rationale, procedures, and results of a 4-day meeting of 96 administrators, from two large school systems, who represented all levels of administration. The report sets forth participant attitudes toward specific parts of the 4-day event and indicates some of the outcomes of the meeting that were reflected in…

Conceptualizing organizations as open systems of interrelated variables, this study of 184 Illinois school districts determined the relationships among innovation adoption, selected organizational characteristics, and environmental variability. Organizational characteristics were differentiation (development of specialized organizational…

This report describes self-administered exercises on management and organizational development that emphasize a participative approach in small groups. The Program of Exercises (PEX), an integrated set of exercises, incorporates case study, role playing, programed instruction, and sensitivity training. The training provides a series of experiences…

Demand articulators called for changing and strengthening programs in educational administration at the University of Kansas. As a result of activities over a 2-year period, the existing program was discarded and a new one adopted reflecting an interdisciplinary leadership and decisionmaking rationale conceptualized with a systemic framework. The…

Organizational development and planning, two methods currently employed to improve organizations, have a mutual objective -- organization improvement through systematic goal attainment. Organizational development strives to improve administrator behavior to facilitate interpersonal communication between those individuals responsible for the…

This manual provides guides to assist consultants discover, create, and maintain meaningful changes in secondary schools. Among the change issues discussed are the politics of educational racism, youth oppression, and professionalism; and patterns of conflict. To assist in the retraining of consultants in the processes and strategies of change,…

Schools are currently under the many strains and stresses involving change, such as concern with the nature and purpose of schools, the growth of alternative systems, the push for new structures, the demands of new participants, financial worries, and interventions from State and national agencies. Each of these strains creates problems in…