This booklet is one of a series of reports addressing the most critical issues confronting state boards of education throughout the United States. Each report attempts to present a concise, informative review and analysis of the best and most current information available on one of these critical topics. This booklet focuses on improving…

Tanzania inherited a basically illiterate population that is largely rural. Hence, Tanzania is according top priority to rural development. Education is a vital input but its impact depends not only on the quality and relevance of the education given but also on its interaction with complementary inputs in agriculture, small-scale industry,…

While there are no definitive solutions to the problems of change and innovation in management, higher education institutions can learn from corporate management's experience with strategic change by considering such factors as the political environment, the institution's distinctive characteristics, and the crucial role of individuals at the…

Highlights the danger of using already constructed typologies implying permanent relationships between elements and monolithic categories to analyze real examples of language conflict. A specific case of an established bilingual secondary school in Wales illustrates this danger. (Author/CB)

Malaysia is realizing that it can no longer depend on the generosity of past colonial masters and present trading partners to meet its higher education needs. It must prepare to pay the full cost of higher education, either abroad or in its own severely limited educational facilities. (MSE)

Examines the various connections that four (English as a second language) grammar books posit between the English language and Indian society and the extent to which the books reflect English as a mode of communication which expresses Indians' consciousness of themselves as citizens of an independent country. (Author/CB)

Describes the situation of further education in the Federal Republic of Germany, examining its interrelation with (1) recent history, (2) the new technology, (3) legislation, (4) educational philosophy and public policy of supporting institutions, (5) labor, (6) changing social structures, and (7) international relations. (Author/CH)

Belgian official policy toward the teaching profession as developed in the last 10 years is examined in the context of the special situation of education in Belgian society, its complicated relations with the government, and the position it occupies in Belgian politics. (MSE)

Traces the development of the judicial branch and arguments of Anti-Federalists and Federalists about the Supreme Court's proper sphere and role. Maintains that the Court possesses force, will, and consistent political support. Contends the public evinces more faith in this branch than the other two. (TRS)

An overview of the theory and practice of moral education in Germany is provided. Special emphasis is given to the historical background of current theories of moral development as well as to legal and political questions concerning the present state of moral education in Germany. (Author/RM)

The debate over faculty's mandated retirement age involves emotions, professional careers, academic traditions, demographic forces, faculty-administration relations, and national politics, but the arguments are largely technical and cynical. Uncapping the retirement age would serve to further dignify academic work. (MSE)

The principles and patterns of cooperation in higher education established among European countries should be reexamined now in light of the increased size and the political, economic, legal, and social ties of the European community. The issues to be considered include student and faculty mobility and the sharing of resources and expertise. (MSE)

Under Secretary of State Thomas Johnston's leadership, the Council considered seven wide-ranging issues in education and produced a series of exemplary reports directed at reforms capable of speedy translation into practice. In the post-war period, the Council lost its influence and the Scottish Education Department returned to its traditional…

This bibliographic essay discusses books published in the United States and abroad dealing with state patronage of the arts. Art is viewed by governments primarily as a system of opportunities whereby it may reward or quiet constituencies and otherwise put its best face forward in international relations. (RM)

Examines changes at the National Science Foundation since Edward Knapp was appointed director, including relations with National Science Board, vacancies in deputy directorship and four assistant directorships, relations with Office of Science and Technology Policy, research grant administration, budget control, policy analysis, programs outside…