One-to-one aides can be an important intervention resource for the reintegration of children into school following traumatic brain injury (TBI). School-based one-to-one aides are typically paraprofessionals assigned to monitor children with TBI throughout the school day. This intervention allows for a continuous feedback and reinforcement schedule…

Experiments compared two closed head injury (CHI) subjects with normal subject's ability to interpret indirect speech acts with the ability of uninjured individuals. The CHI individuals displayed difficulty in interpreting indirect speech or rejecting literal meanings. The results are discussed in terms of common cognitive deficits after closed…

Sports-related concussions can happen to any athlete in any sport. Each year in the United States, an estimated 1.6-3.8 million sports and recreation-related traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) occur, most of which can be classified as concussions. To help coaches prevent, recognize, and better manage sports-related concussions, the Centers for…

This article reviews an emergent area of traumatic brain injury (TBI) literature; namely, developmental outcomes of TBI sustained during the early childhood and preschool period. The developmental time period from birth through age 5 years is one of significant growth and maturity, particularly in the neurological development of the child. An…

Two patients with medial frontal lobe damage involving the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) performed a range of cognitive tasks, including tests of executive function and anterior attention. Both patients lesions extended beyond the ACC, therefore caution needs to be exerted in ascribing observed deficits to the ACC alone. Patient performance was…

This article describes two case studies of children, ages 6 and 8, with severe traumatic brain injuries (TBI) in which direct instruction programs were used to teach a variety of academic skills. Following an initial evaluation, the teacher began individualized instruction 2 to 3 times per week for 6 weeks. After approximately 12 hourly…

Community colleges, four-year colleges, and other training programs have developed special services for head injury survivors. The need for these services is explained using statistics from the National Head Injury Foundation, and head injury is defined. The person with head injury may experience impairment in such functions as memory,…

A survey attempted to gather baseline data from 69 rehabilitation counselors in the state of Mississippi on rehabilitation concerns with clients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Among survey results were: counselors ranked the psychological domain as the most problematical with the educational domain ranked as least problematical;…

This guide provides general information to high school sports coaches about concussions. It focuses on the fact that coaches can play a key role in preventing concussions and managing them properly when they occur. The following sections are included: (1) The Facts; (2) Signs and Symptoms; (3) Prevention and Preparation; (4) When a Concussion…

This manual is intended to give teachers a basic understanding of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and an in-depth understanding of techniques for evaluating the student with TBI in order to provide appropriate programming. Section 1 introduces a definition of TBI including incidence and causes, an overview of neuroanatomy, primary and secondary…

This study compared the preinjury and postinjury patterns of alcohol and illicit drug use of 87 persons (ages 16 to 20) with traumatic brain injury. Although an initial follow-up indicated decline in alcohol use, second follow-up (at 28 months postinjury) suggested that drinking quantity and frequency increased over time. Postinjury illicit drug…

Work adjustment of 81 people with traumatic brain injury was assessed at hospital discharge and 2 and 8 months later. The most significant predictor of short- and long-term adjustment was work attitudes at discharge. Nature and severity of injury were not associated with adjustment. Social support influenced short-term adjustment but diminished…

This case study examines the reading disruptions in a bilingual/biscriptal (Cantonese/English) older adult reader following traumatic brain injury. Certain characteristics of the subject's reading problems were evident in both writing systems (e.g., sensitivity to word frequency and lack of sensitivity to visual complexity) suggesting principles…

Word finding in relation to brain injury is discussed for children and adolescents with unilateral congenital malformations of the brain, early hydrocephalus, childhood-acquired left hemisphere stroke, and acquired traumatic head injury. Studies examining the recovery of word-finding deficits after brain injury are discussed, along with…

Head-injured students making the transition back to school need to relearn how to learn. Strategies are offered for helping these students deal with such problem areas as organization skills, abstraction, attention and concentration, making transitions, writing, and information processing speed. (JDD)