Although formal assessment of children with severe disabilities raises many problems of measurement, evaluation by "standard rulers" is still essential. This article examines the role of the school psychologist in the measurement process and identifies issues related to the assessment of developmentally disabled children. (Author/EGS)

This article reviews a subsection of leisure research--studies on visitor characteristics, reactions, and behaviors in recreational settings. Four areas of visitor evaluation research are examined: (1) museums; (2) natural environments; (3) tourist sites, and (4) tourist facilities. The role of the psychologist in the development and improvement…

Results of evaluation research studies, even those that are meticulously designed and carefully executed, often are not implemented. This article examines some of the critical factors that mediate between the carrying out of evaluation research and the utilization of findings. To illustrate these factors, two case studies are analyzed. (Author/EGS)

The unique characteristics of the organizational context are reviewed, and it is shown how internal evaluation fits within them. The major factors that define the organizational context are delineated, including the emergence of the evaluation resource management function. (PN)

Proposals for merit pay and for master-teacher and career-ladder systems abound, but none will work without effective means of teacher evaluation. Evaluation methods used to back up merit pay programs in Ladue, Missouri, and in a suburb of Seattle, Washington, and being planned for Charlotte, North Carolina, are briefly described. (PP)

The issue of accountability calls for the increased use of the client's perspective in gauging agency effectiveness. The author emphasizes the importance of these viewpoints but discusses the problems in obtaining them. (Author)

As the counseling profession continues to refine its ethics and standards of practice, assessment methods that can provide psychometrically sound methods of judging the competence of clinical performance become essential. However, the recurrent use of the word "evaluation" in supervision literature implies a negative hierarchical…

Interviews with a sample of clients, served by the rehabilitation workshop of the Jewish Employment and Vocational Service of St. Louis, substantiates need for vocational follow-up. (AG)

Cognitive styles characterize individuals' personalities as well as their social and cognitive functioning. An assessment of cognitive style can present another dimension of individual differences in children as the basis for planning and evaluating early childhood programs. (Author/LC)

The Holtzman Project at Northwestern University reviewed educational program evaluations at the federal, state, and local levels of government. This paper focuses on the administration of the project, including constraints on its operations, the strategic decisions that seemed correct at the time, and some decisions that now seem wrong. (BW)

By consciously applying evaluation techniques before they adopt a new program, health educators can increase the likelihood that the program will meet their needs. Guidelines are provided for posing questions about the new program, that are normally raised at the program's end, as part of summative evaluation. (Authors/PP)

Evaluation as a meta-activity is a process which assumes that the definition of problems is itself problematic. In evaluation as a technical activity, agreed criteria are applied to agreed policy problems. This distinction has important implications for the role of universities and research funding. (Author/CM)