Reviews the history of change in attitudes toward the use of languages other than English in the United States. Examines legal and policy responses to meet educational needs of children with limited or no English proficiency and discusses arguments for and against bilingual education. (Author/MJL)

Described are two longitudinal studies, one British, the other American, which examined the influences of varied socializing agents--e.g., family, school, peer groups--on voting behavior. The studies emphasized the hitherto unappreciated importance of the political, social, and economic climate of society and its changes on socialization. (CS)

Papers from the National Conference on Trusteeship discuss: recent board- president imbroglios; Rutgers legal headaches; governing boards and legal policy changes; 5 percent of operating income set aside to build operating reserve; and how the South Dakota State Board involved campuses in decisions. (Author/MLW)

Pincus argues that vocational education has been developed in response to the rising educational aspirations of the working class. He claims that vocational training provides a poor payoff under the present economic system, and that the promotion of vocational programs raises unrealistic expectations in students. (Author/SK)

Nine brief essays address Spanish enrollments in Spanish courses in colleges and universities, discussing such issues as staffing imbalances, coping with unexpected rising or declining enrollments, enrollment implications in a small college, social and political influences on study of Spanish, enrollment management, and the changing motivations of…

Debate over the role of college presidents, governing boards, and faculty in college governance reflects growing economic and political pressures on colleges and universities and demands for stronger leadership and more efficient administration. However, unlike the corporate model of governance, higher education institutions should never become…

Presents a scathing review of supply-side economics and its effect on social programs. Argues that the Reagan administration purposefully incurred massive government debt in order to justify reducing social spending. Maintains that Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney followed a similar course. Includes trenchant criticism of Canada's public…

Describes factors influencing growth in demand for English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) instruction in German higher education since 1989, and describes how Dresden University has designed a curriculum to meet the need. The Dresden program includes courses in generic scientific English required in a number of disciplines, elective English courses…

This article reassesses the contribution of the Plowden Report (1967) to educational thinking in the United Kingdom. It discusses how the report was scapegoated by politicians advocating a performance-led approach and suggests the report, which advocated a holistic, child-centered educational approach, has much to contribute to present educational…

Describes oral history interviews conducted with artists and writers involved in New Deal arts projects. Describes the collections, analyzing biases and selection factors. Examines participants' attitudes toward government sponsorship of the arts, finding general approval of government patronage. Suggests that these oral histories help document…

Assesses Chicano-Anglo relations in Ontario, California, from 1937-1947, a transitional decade for Chicanos in "semi-rural" areas of American Southwest. Focuses on Chicanos' economic plight, their leadership and organization, civil rights and discrimination, legal issues, and political realities. Studies effect of World War II on Chicano…

Uses a general content analytical technique to examine the issues and factors involved in the resurgence of racist incidents on predominantly White college campuses. Argues that these incidents were implicitly encouraged by the Reagan Administration and by majority individuals in leadership roles. (FMW)

Contends that open societies that lack official ideologies may find it difficult to determine educational objectives. Maintains that new trends in educational policy formation include deinstitutionalization of the educational system, efficiency expectations, multiculturalism, choice, and participation. (CFR)

Analysis of higher education in postcommunist Romania looks at the system's history since World War II, enrollment patterns from 1948-49 to 1992-93, control of academic appointments, public policy concerning science and the conditions of academic work, and restructuring of higher education institutions after 1970 to support technological and…

Increased use of English in Singapore, a multiracial, multilingual country, especially its use for cultural purposes, has met with some controversy. This article traces the historical development of Singaporean literature in English and the sociocultural and political problems such literature faces in a country where the official languages and…