Research consumers, both individuals and groups, can benefit or lose from early intervention research endeavors, and their needs and priorities should be considered. Researchers' decisions and actions create consumer winners and losers in three areas of research activity: conceptualization of research, design of research studies, and dissemination…

Reviews literature dealing with perceived reality in the television effects process from a construct validation perspective. Topics discussed include variables that influence the degree to which individuals perceive reality in televised messages, relationships with attribute variables, influence of reality perception on viewers' behavior and…

Compares the expert, spiral, and reading approaches to instructional strategies for introductory computer programming courses. Based on ACT (Adaptive Control of Thought) theory and relevant research, the differences between declarative and procedural instruction are identified, and six tactics used to design courses and evaluate strategies are…

Argues that studies of young children's cognitive, socioemotional, and physical development in group day care generally support the social realities of contemporary family life, including the need for developing high-quality professional infant and child care systems. (HOD)

Presents evidence to establish that instructional technology applications often result in transfer of training failures, which are attributed to inappropriate mixing of behaviorist and cognitive instructional design models. Specific suggestions are made for instructional design prescriptions that support different levels of transfer for different…

Examines issues in broad-based training in the context of transfer of training. Classical research findings on transfer are summarized and training policy implications are drawn. Transfer is reexamined relative to recent ideas in cognitive psychology, training methods to enhance transfer are suggested, and future research needs are addressed.…

Presents an overview of computer assisted instruction (CAI) as an instructional technique; describes studies on CAI effectiveness in compensatory education; discusses elements that need to be addressed to create a positive relationship between CAI, compensatory education, and achievement gains; and reviews evaluation designs appropriate in…

A comparison of teachers' professional perspectives in France and Great Britain shows that in each country the differences that exist in political, institutional, and ideological terms interact in different ways to inhibit change and reinforce a similar degree of conservatism. To fully understand national differences, comparative classroom…

Analyzes factors which have contributed to the poor conditions of large cities: failure of courage to deal with racism; individualism; short-term thinking; political nonaccountability; diversity of peoples and information; loss of faith in leaders and in nation; and threat of nuclear war. Calls for new policy initiatives and outlines an urban…

The problem of pacing distance learning students is discussed together with suggested pacing methods: insertion of questions in text of study guides; short-term, regular assignments; tutorial letters; audiocassette and videotape usage; and computer assisted instruction. (MBR)

Discusses: educational needs of today's technological society; educational opportunities made possible by computers and other information technologies; research needed to realize such opportunities (including research on cognitive processes, social issues, use of computers as intellectual tools and tutors, and other areas); educational research…

Explores limits of existing knowledge and research on the joint and separate effects of racism and sexism. Proposes an "interactive" approach to studying the two problems that, in defining the complex meanings of racism and sexism, capitalizes on the experiences of Black women and all other gender-race groups. (Author/ML)

Presents guidelines for determining when interactive courseware requiring single-keypress responses (multiple choice answers) and constructed responses (typed-in answers) are appropriate for use in the classroom. Research findings of studies concerned with these response types are briefly discussed, and needs for further research are outlined.…

The president of the California Institute of Technology speaks out against the arms race. He discusses worthwhile scientific-technological projects that could be pursued with money presently used for weapons. There are no technical solutions to arms control issues. The solution depends upon a change of human attitude. Education's role is…

The general educational research literature indicates that computer-assisted instruction (CAI) can be an effective instructional strategy. However, there is a need for methods and tools for measuring the cost effectiveness of CAI. A taxonomy for addressing questions of cost in CAI is presented. (Author/RM)