This book is a teacher's guide for dealing with and modifying childrens' behavior. Chapter one discusses behavior and how it is strengthened, weakened, or shaped by consequences of the behavior (rewarding, ignoring, punishing). Chapters two and three present techniques which can be used to strengthen desirable behaviors and weaken undesirable…

Training for the first three groups of volunteer court counselors of the Portsmouth (Va.) Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court during 1973 was accomplished in a series of four short meetings conducted by various professionals. In December 1973, the author received a Title I grant to conduct an intensive training workshop for volunteer counselors…

A taxonomy of response processes has been developed to facilitate the designing of training programs; each kind of task presumably would require a different set of training methods for greatest efficiency, so classifying a task would be part of determining which methods to use. A pool of response distinctions was collected, with special attention…

Life skills are problem solving behaviors applied appropriately and responsibly in the management of one's life. The purpose of this book is to make available evaluation reports on the use of the life skills course conducted by a variety of organizations. Each evaluation study was based on a different experimental design and in some cases the…

Individual contracts between the student and instructor are used as a means of modifying behavior in reading and study situations. Desirable behavior is described, and suitable performances of such behavior are outlined. Adult students agree to attempt to modify their behavior during a designated amount of time in order to meet their contracts.…

Four models for screening for children with psychological problems are presented, each having a goal, a screening procedure, and a criterion against which the effectiveness of the procedure can be evaluated. The four are the illness model, the developmental model, the crisis model, and the match-mismatch model. Implications of models are…

This paper reported a pilot study on issues relevant to the social development of the 2-year-old child and discussed the results within the framework of the evolutionary-control-systems theory proposed by Bowlby (1958, 1969) and Ainsworth (1967, 1969). The issues examined were (1) attachment and (2) reciprocity, or the ability of the child-mother…

This study analyzes the effects of one environmental property, illumination, as part of a general program to isolate differential effects of specific properties of the novel environment on attachment behaviors in infants and young children. Attachment is operationalized into two response classes: (1) proximity to the mother, and (2) contact with…

Why do American infants have a greater amount of vocalization, and particularly of happy vocalization, than do Japanese infants? To answer this question, 30 Japanese and 30 American first-born, 3- to 4-month old infants equally divided by sex, and living in intact middle class urban families were observed in their homes on two consecutive days…

The first of thirteen units suggested for an environmental education curriculum is presented in this teacher's guide. The collection of units for grades K-12 was written in response to a mandate from the Minnesota State Legislature through a bill making provisions for developing and implementing a state-wide environmental education program. The…

Sixty-five Kikuyu infants were developmentally evaluated (Bayley Test) at two-month intervals during the first year of life. Precocity was demonstrated for mental as well as motor test performance. Familial economic status was positively related to infant performance. Social and demographic variables contributed at least 25% to test score…

This paper deals with two specific issues: the explanation of moral conduct and the structure of moral character. The purpose of the paper is to describe a new psychological perspective on moral conduct, and to discuss some empirical findings which follow from this perspective. Morality is regarded here as a natural phenomenon which considers…

An experimental task with accompanying apparatus was developed for use in the study of developmental and cultural differences in the cooperative-competitive behavior of children in a small Mexican town and in California. Two groups of 20 Mexican children (aged 7-8 and 10-11), from an elementary school in a town in Baja, California, Mexico, were…

If the curriculum goal of a health education course is to develop healthy behavior, then the most conclusive documentation of success is to measure targeted behaviors. (MB)

This paper discusses some expressive units of behavior which appear to have a widespread geographical distribution (in both morphology and significance); have a precocious ontogeny in infancy and childhood; and are used in appropriate social psychological settings even by congenitally blind, deaf-blind, and multiply handicapped youngsters.…