Achieving educational effectiveness is an incremental, sequential, improvement process. Outlines an approach, based on "The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People" by Stephen Covey, that emphasizes individual responsibility for change and promoting effectiveness. (MLF)

Nonword spellings were obtained from children in kindergarten through third grade in a study of the development of young children's phonological and orthographic knowledge. Results indicated that young children's nonword spellings reflected the joint influences of linguistic knowledge and psychological processes. (GLR)

This study examined the developmental patterns of and impact of societal influences on 11 highly creative female artists, ages 26-33. Results indicated that, despite negative formal educational experiences, the women generally had supportive families and at least one influential mentor. Art areas were selected at very young ages. (DB)

Infants' orienting of attention undergoes marked development in the first six months of life. Changes in attentional control appear to be related to infants' susceptibility to distress. (Author)

A study found that differences in children's ability to regulate their emotional responses, and in their social and cognitive development, are implicated in developmental differences in children's strategies for influencing others' mood states. (BB)

Suggests that Benjamin Franklin's autobiography contains many useful messages for today's students. Discusses Franklin's list of virtues that he followed in an attempt at attaining moral perfection. Includes temperance, industry, justice, tranquillity, and humility. Describes the message of Franklin's lesson as one of achieving through effort…

This informal case study presents an example of a gifted child whose behavior and school adjustment problems prevented his teachers and parents from a full understanding of his intellectual capabilities. It illustrates the role of counseling in finding solutions to such problems. (Author)

Reports on a study of 20 male and 20 female adults who responded to 2 forms of Kohlberg's tests. Concludes that the results are partially consistent with the possibility that Kohlberg's tests and scoring system are partially biased against females. (CFR)

Examines machismo (strict adherence to traditional masculine gender identity) in terms of Bem's gender schema theory. Uses the example of a Mexican immigrant family facing social and cultural changes to demonstrate the dynamics of machismo and how it might lead to emotional problems and physical symptoms in Hispanic men and their families.…

The Personal Development File involved undergraduate business students in exploring the present, envisioning the future, and bridging the gap within the framework of a support group. However, many students opposed the behavioral and attitudinal objectives involved, and negative group interaction caused some students to withdraw from the project.…

Analyzed the situational specificity of the differential development of inhibition in three social settings. Inhibition toward strangers was stable during the preschool and kindergarten years, even for an unselected sample of children. Inhibition toward peers showed a lower stability over the same age period, indicating differential and…

The feminist movement has influenced counseling psychology in the following areas: (1) policy and leadership; (2) theory and research; (3) training and practice; and (4) recognition of feminist scholarship and contributions by women. Tracing these areas of impact reveals feminism as a major force in developing inquiry and practice. (SLD)

Describes a model of adaptation to the environment across the life span. Proposes that an individual's performance in an activity is affected not only by cognitive capacity but also by perceptions and definitions of the activity. Empirical support for the model, based on a survey of individuals' everyday experiences and on laboratory studies, is…

Outlines the theory and practice of debriefing and considers its importance in experiential learning and outdoor adventure education. Discusses theories of transfer of learning; levels of cognitive processing in relation to sequence of debriefing questions and activities; establishing supportive group behaviors; 10 soft skills needed by debriefing…

Describes sport psychology and model for practice consistent with training of counseling psychologists as teachers of life skills. Examines role that sport plays in society and its importance for development of identity and personal competence. Delineates life development intervention (LDI) and psychoeducational model for practice of sport…