This book unpacks the philosophies and theories behind assessment and builds upon that foundation with practical, how-to guidance for effective practice. Renowned assessment experts Levy and Jankowski thoughtfully explore assessment across both academic and student affairs, highlighting equitable strategies throughout to demonstrate the…

This study investigates how task complexity shapes motivation and performance in second language (L2) pragmatics, a domain that remains underexplored within task-based learning research. To address this gap, 37 secondary school learners of English completed both simple and complex decision-making tasks at three intervals over an eight-week period.…

Dynamic decision-making plays a critical role in teachers' instructional design and technology integration processes; it directly influences the design and development of teaching practices, student learning experiences, and learning environments. However, limited studies have investigated how teachers engage in dynamic decision-making processes…

Understanding students' expectations of university study is a foundational requirement for successful transition practice. However, research regarding students' knowledge of the education-employment pathways they are about to commence remains limited. Exploratory research has shown that many Australian university students have limited or…

Context: Remote and online learning have become features of K-12 education since the COVID-19 school closures. Despite the increasing presence of online classrooms, the theoretical and ethical dimensions of this shift remain underexplored. While much attention has been paid to issues of access, equity, and instructional design, less consideration…

Our qualitative study focused on how K-5 principals perceived and supported intraschool teacher peer observation practices (POPs). Research questions addressed their perceptions of POPs and strategies used or recommended for supporting them. We interviewed nine school leaders from two divisions in a mid-Atlantic U.S. state. Perception-related…

Teachers are necessarily free. The present article discusses the dual meaning of this necessity. The first meaning relates to freedom as an inevitable aspect of the actual reality in the classroom (the "is"); the second to teachers' freedom as the ideal condition, or a prerequisite for optimal teaching (the "ought").…

According to Bayesian models of judgment, testimony from independent informants has more evidential value than dependent testimony. Three experiments investigated learners' sensitivity to this distinction. Each experiment used a social version of the balls-and-urns task, in which participants judged which of two urns was the most likely source of…

Inconsistency in real-world judgments can cause random unfairness, injustice and misallocation of resources. In their recent monograph Kahneman, Sibony, and Sunstein (2021) analyse judgment inconsistency or "Noise," examine its sources and propose remedies. In this commentary on Kahneman et al., we reflect on the major concepts (such as…

From an early age, children act generously towards one another, but the situational features that promote generous decision-making remain under investigation. The current study tests the impact of being identifiable--as a recipient of generosity, a giver, or both--on children's generosity. Six-year-old children (N = 129) allocated resources to a…

The tendency to devaluate delayed rewards, a phenomenon referred to as 'discounting behaviour', has been studied by wide-ranging research examining individuals choosing between sooner but smaller or later but larger rewards. Despite the fact that many real-life choices are embedded in a social context, the question of whether or not social…

Although models of word meanings based on distributional semantics have proved effective in predicting human judgments of similarity among individual concepts, it is less clear whether or how such models might be extended to account for judgments of similarity among relations between concepts. Here we combine an individual-differences approach…

Schools present a unique context for the generation and resolution of conflicts of human rights. While the conflicts that arise are many and various, a default response appears to be the prioritisation of the rights of the majority. Hence the rights of the many then trump the rights of the few. However, the intersection of multiple stakeholders,…

The intention of government to create a fully academised school system in England, whereby every academy will belong to a large multi-academy Trust (MAT), further erodes community engagement and accountability. This paper illustrates how the policy of academisation has enabled a top-down governance framework to emerge, replacing the power and…

This study examined the association between financial literacy and the decision to withdraw funds from different types of retirement accounts before retirement. Data from the 2012 and 2015 National Financial Capability Study were used to investigate if financial literacy may potentially influence the decision to dissave from funds already set…