This document contains the four issues of volume 21 of the newsletter, "Linkages." The first issue discusses business partnerships, collaboration, community outreach, grants and contributions at the following community colleges: Salt Lake (UT), Monroe (NY), Niagara County (NY), Elgin (IL), Westmoreland (PA), Wayne (NC), Redlands (OK), Burlington…

This paper outlines the development of the community college system in American higher education, describes the impact of the various reform movements of the twentieth century on community colleges, and discusses the current and future issues that two-year colleges face. These topics are discussed in relation to California's community colleges,…

This report discusses the progress in the development and clarification of the term "environmental literacy" (EL) and suggests ways in which the term may be used to advance the field of environmental education. Part I presents the evolution of EL beginning with a description of the concept as a goal of general education. Discussed in…

An examination of the development of the technical and technological disciplines in Germany over the last 500 years shows that these disciplines have recognized key developmental stages. They have evolved from the practical-oriented approaches, through knowledge-, process-, and methodology-oriented approaches, to the strategy-oriented approach.…

This comparative analysis deals with the administration and evaluation structures for primary and secondary schools in the member states of the European Community. It addresses four major issues: (1) how to hand over large amounts of autonomy to schools without upsetting the unity of the national education system; (2) what role parents and others…

This document contains three publications from a study of the training and educational requirements prerequisite to licensure as a peace officer in Minnesota. The first report consists of eight chapters. Chapters 1-3 contain the following: (1) historical review of the development of law enforcement education; (2) the advantages and disadvantages…

In the 1950s, the U.S. government offered several projects to help Taiwan, one of which was the Industrial Vocational Education Cooperative Project. An advisory team was sent to Taiwan to help review the industrial education system, restructure the curriculum, and renew the teaching-learning facilities in the industrial vocational high schools.…

The 1991 National Community Education Needs Assessment Survey focused on material and training needs. A more than 65 percent return rate on the open-ended survey indicated commitment and concern of community educators; 263 community education contacts completed the 4-page survey. The typical community educator who responded was the director of…

After defining and tracing the historical background of home schooling in the United States, this paper focuses on studies which deal with: (1) the socialization of home-schooled children; and (2) creativity in home-schooled children. Noting that according to the Home School Legal Defense Association the number of home-schooled children has jumped…

In order to profile the reality of change within the Hungarian postsecondary education sector and to develop a portrait of the predominant themes in the reconceptualization of Hungarian vocational instruction, interviews were conducted with eight vocational experts from Hungary who visited vocational education programs in the United States. The…

The United States influenced the origins, elaboration, and implementation of the politics of knowledge between social science and policy in the South African National Bureau for Educational and Social Research. Divided into six sections, the historical analysis of the Bureau: (1) examined the context within which the Bureau emerged, the origins of…

Focusing on the school district's written expectations for students, this document examines curriculum improvement in four sections, each accompanied by a list of related references. The first section explores the organizational and substantive planning needed to structure any curriculum improvement project effectively and includes information on…

In 1966, Congress approved the first adult education act, and the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) system was established. Monies to support adult education research and delivery systems became available at the same time as a mechanism was put in place to collect and disseminate results of these activities. The Adult Education Act…

Proceedings from a seminar devoted to a discussion of issues related to discipline-based art education (DBAE), this document features three scholars addressing a given topic from the perspective of their particular discipline and experience in the field. Six topics were explored: (1) "New Voices on the Integration of Art Disciplines";…

Prior to a UNESCO International Congress on the planning and management of educational development, this study was prepared to assess the 1980-1990 decade and to outline the perspectives for educational planning and management in the Arab States. Seven main sections comprise this report: (1) Introduction; (2) Context of the period 1980 to 1990;…