All Liaison Committee on Medical Education accredited medical schools were surveyed to evaluate 12 aspects of self-studies used in medical education. Results for 101 respondents indicate methodological problems, including lack of guidelines, long periods without evaluation, failure to discuss results with school leadership, and a dearth of…

This article reports results of a comparative study of 332 undergraduate teacher education students and 382 experienced classroom teachers. Teaching beliefs and orientations are compared and contrasted. Also examined are the relationship between years of classroom experience and teachers' opinions and beliefs about teaching. (IAH)

Discusses issues related to several models of knowledge transfer and utilization (KTU) from two points of view: that models contain nonspecific treatment characteristics that should be accounted for in their use; and that models provide quantitative and qualitative frameworks that may be ready for quantitative consideration. A nonspecific KTU…

This study examined the application of the marginal maximum likelihood-EM algorithm to the parameter estimation problems of the normal ogive and logistic polytomous response models for Likert-type items. A rating scale model, based on F. Samejima's (1969) graded response model, was developed. (TJH)

The assumption that students will acquire positive attitudes toward science as they learn more science is no longer valid. This study confirmed the reliability of the Biology Attitude Scale. Whether a student is a biology major or nonmajor is not a determining factor when measuring the effect an introductory course has in changing attitudes toward…

Whether traditional Likert-type focus of attention at work scales would outperform the one-item scales developed by D. Gardner and others (1989) was studied with responses of 492 automobile-services-club employees. Confirmatory factor analysis did not show either method to be better empirically. Situations in which the one-item scale might be…

Compares pictorial and verbal rating scales as measures of music preference opinions. Examines internal consistency and test-retest reliability of each type of scale, the overall preference scores generated through the use of each to measure preference for the same music stimuli, and student preferences for each type after using them. (DSK)

Used a design in which item stem direction and item response pattern were crossed to determine effects on internal consistency reliability. Results from high school and college students and teachers (150 individuals per test form) suggest using directly worded items with half of the response items going in one direction, and half in the other.…

Entrepreneurship programs and courses are offered by many business schools to support students who aspire to start, own, and operate businesses. Although these offerings are directed primarily toward business majors, based on data the authors collected from over 700 students, many nonbusiness majors also possess entrepreneurial characteristics and…

The field of instructional design and technology (IDT) evolved during the 1990s to include theories and practices of performance improvement. Some authors have indicated that the goal of our field has shifted from facilitating learning to improving performance; and contemporary definitions of IDT incorporate human performance technology concepts…

Attribution theory provides a framework for examining personal and interpersonal motivation for collaborative projects. Undergraduates were asked to read vignettes concerning student dyads engaged in collaborative projects. The vignettes systematically varied on outcome of the project, student self-ability, student self-effort, partner ability,…

This study identifies selected skills and competencies attained by entry-level student affairs professionals through master's-level graduate education and the degree to which these skills and competencies were perceived as necessary for entry-level student affairs work. Given a list of 28 skills drawn from preservice preparation and student…

The purpose of the present study was to investigate what active as well as student teachers (i.e. future teachers) think about the provision of school psychological and counselling services within Greek elementary schools. Two hundred and eight active teachers and university students were asked to complete a Likert-type questionnaire rating the…

This study examined the learning experience (learning approaches, study orchestrations and epistemological beliefs) of 388 university students. Data analysis revealed two main results. First, the different aspects of students' learning experience were related: learning approaches and epistemological beliefs (two pairs of canonical variates…

This study examined multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) modeling to assess social desirability (SocD) influences on self-reported physical activity self-efficacy (PASE) and fruit and vegetable self-efficacy (FVSE). The observed sample included 473 Houston-area adolescent males (10-14 years). SocD (nine items), PASE (19 items) and FVSE (21…