Examines the sex-role socialization theory showing women less likely to cheat. Presents findings of a 1984 study, involving 165 college students, that examined the relationship between excuse making and actual cheating. Reports women were significantly more likely to make excuses before cheating. Suggests excuse making deflects restraining…

Shows how clerico-fascist regime, which came to power in Austria in 1933-34, placed emphasis on character formation as a primary aspect of schooling. Maintains that the goal was to educate youth by using public education for indoctrination, following methods of Italian Fascists and German National Socialists. Analyzes how they reorganized the…

Notes that 57 percent of West German teachers who responded to a survey believed it was difficult to transmit values to students and indicated the high degree of social differentiation in an industrial society promoted social fragmentation. Argues values education should not be the sole responsibility of the school but shared by the entire…

Analyzes how Germans viewed defeat after the two world wars, and how these perceptions influenced subsequent political developments. Compares questions of guilt and responsibility following the two wars. Examines the growth of democracy, its defeat after World War I, and success after World War II. Discusses the influences of the occupation…

Maintains that in order for students to participate effectively in a democracy they must be exposed to different viewpoints. Shows that high school history textbooks avoid controversy, leave out vital information, and are biased. Argues textbooks should be subject to a fairness test that includes constitutional scrutiny. (RW)

Describes a program dealing with films depicting the French Revolution sponsored by the University of California Los Angeles. Emphasizes lectures and a colloquium discussing the ways in which films can transform common political ideas of the moment into popular memory of the past. Examines several films included in this national film…

Discusses studies about the role of athletics in high school students' lives. Examines the criteria for social status for both male and female students. Explores the types of activities students want to be remembered for, the current basis for popularity, and the importance of the dual role of student athletes. (Author/JS)

A longitudinal study of 80 toddlers, preschoolers, and kindergartners found that children who entered early in low quality care had the most difficulty with peers in preschool. Lives of parents who used low quality care were characterized by complexity and use of less appropriate socialization practices than those used by other parents. (RH)

Examines the ethnic identity of Polish Americans, and the issues that Polish immigrants face. The following are components of the conceptual structure of identity: (1) genetically inherited characteristics; (2) characteristics acquired through family socialization; and (3) characteristics acquired through re-socialization. (BJV)

Analyzes the anomaly of why women continue to seek higher education and excel even though future payoff is poor. Examines four hypotheses: reference-group theory; social powerlessness; belief that barriers to success have been removed; and sex-role socialization. Presents empirical evidence to assess each hypothesis. (SLM)

Explores the factors associated with expected outcome of emotional expression and likelihood of expression among 125 first-, fourth-, and sixth-grade children. Results suggest that socialization practices tend to be directed towards the suppression of sadness among males. (RJC)

Application of ethical principles to relationships and pedagogic problems in medical education is discussed, focusing on the associations medical students form with teachers, patients, school, each other that shape them as professionals. It is argued that introduction of ethics into these areas can help students and teachers and improve medical…

Notes that Grusec and Goodnow's model of discipline encounters as context for children's internalization of parental values seems best suited for middle childhood and adolescence. Suggests that processes such as social referencing, sensitivity to standard violations, emergence of self, and self-regulation may be important antecedents and signs of…

In response to commentaries on their model of discipline effectiveness, Grusec and Goodnow note that the model places as much emphasis on affect as on cognition and that it is certainly applicable to preschool years. They discuss development of sense of self, ability to self-regulate, and attachment as important precursors of internalization. (MDM)

A program in the School of Education at Queensland University of Technology (Australia), designed to improve the experience of graduate students in a research-based master's program, is described. Strategies for overcoming problems of student isolation and building a sense of belonging are highlighted. It is argued that graduate students need…