Five-year-old children who failed pretests of conservation of Number, Length, Mass, and Liquid Amount, but who possessed counting ability and knowledge of the terms "same" and "different" underwent Training and Conservation Posttests. (Author/CS)

One of the major trends occurring in the area of task analysis methodology is the development of better methods to analyze cognitive tasks, including new methodologies for analyzing the ways in which knowledge should be structured within a student's head to facilitate given types of performance. The most important trend is the integration of task…

The paper reviews studies on performance objectives, task analysis, and prompting and instruction sequences as they relate to the education of handicapped students. The initial section, on performance objectives, reviews the development of the Vocational Behavior Checklist and the Subsequent Independent Living Behavior Checklist. The next step in…

The relationship of ergonomics (the study of man in relation to his working environment) and training is examined in the context of physical stress, training time required, man-machine systems, skill and job performance analysis, and training effectiveness. (AG)

The ideal instructor must be totally conscious of the training process, step by step. He is at the third stage of the four-stage learning process, conscious competency. The four stages are unconscious incompetency, conscious incompetency, conscious competency, and unconscious competency. (AG)

This study was designed to determine whether modifying the task characteristics of the Stage 6 sensorimotor means-end problem (by introducing additional visual cues) aided task solution in children. Subjects were 80 children, ages 20-33 months. (CS)

This analysis of solutions to the Tower of Hanoi Problem underscores the importance of subject-by-subject analysis of "What is learned" in understanding human behavior in problem-solving situations, and provides a technique for describing subjects' task performance programs in detail. (Author/BJG)

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which verbal processes influence recognition memory for visual scenes in preschool children. Children were shown line drawings of 12 pairs of items and were asked to describe them. One week later, a recognition test was given in which ability to remember elaborated and unelaborated pictures…

This study tested the hypothesized relationship between overt sensorimotor ordering experiences and relational responding in preschool children. (Author/CS)

Radical changes for special education are urged in view of the premise that learning is not a function of student characteristics, but rather, of teaching attributes. (Author/GW)

A theory of the planning and debugging of computer programs is formalized as a context free grammar, which is used to reveal the constituent structure of problem solving episodes by parsing protocols in which programs are written, tested, and debugged. This is illustrated by the detailed analysis of an actual session with a beginning student…

By using the paired comparison methodology, it was possible to establish evaluative priorities, providing criterion weights which reflected the thoughts and feelings of an advisory committee consisting of experts in the task selection process. For the U.S. Army Infantry School, the weights can be used to stress higher weighted criterion results in…

This paper presents an analysis of the job performed by an offset press operator (alternate title is offset duplicating machine operator) of a Multilith 1250 W. First covered is work performed, as follows: prepares dampening unit for printing run, prepares inking unit for printing, readies printing plate for printing, sets up press for running,…

The usefulness of an approach to reduce impulsive behavior in 11 institutionalized behavior disordered boys (10 to 16 years old) was investigated. Ss were taught to use five steps to solve cognitive problems. Steps involved task analysis, were modeled by the experimenter followed by reinforcement of verbalization of the rules, and included active…

Model building techniques from Artifical Intelligence and Information-Processing Psychology are applied to human-computer interface tasks to evaluate existing interfaces and suggest new and better ones. The model is in the form of an augmented transition network (ATN) grammar which is built by applying grammar induction heuristics on a sequential…