Tested the cross-cultural validity of the affective arousal model for n Ach (Need for Achievement) employed by McClelland. The (Individual) Failure condition was not particularly salient in arousing the need for achievement of the Chinese teenagers sampled. Instead, they responded most favorably when the achievement demands were the least overt.…

Investigated the influence of the child's knowledge base on symbolic play in terms of event schemas. Pretend play of 10 mother-child (ages 24 to 29 months) dyads was observed in novel and free play contexts. Play was examined for thematic content, self-other relations, substitute/imaginary objects, action integration, and planfulness. (Author/BN)

Describes a Long Island (New York) high school district's concentrated effort to expand their pool of potential substitute teachers and offer them a comprehensive orientation program. The district used PTA newsletters, letters to staff, and newspaper notices to attract applicants. Training covered curriculum, teaching strategies, classroom…

Examines some of the problems and issues that confront adolescent gay and lesbian students in the school environment and focuses on an understandng of the sexual preference of these youths as a means of delineating roles for the school counselor. (Author/ABB)

Outlines how to develop productive staff meetings that foster professional staff development. Three steps to follow include developing a staff development committee, designing a long-range staff development plan, and planning staff meetings that become a lesson in themselves. (MD)

The Emporia State University induction program for first year teachers is described. The format of the program, topics addressed, and program evaluation are discussed. (MT)

This article speculates on an underlying order obscured by the details of the Boshier-Collins cluster analysis and the mapping of Houle's types onto it. A table illustrates an interpretation of cluster analysis on Boshier's Education Participation Scale. (CT)

Tips to help new music teachers are presented. They include: learn the lay of the land; establish good relations with your superiors; use teaching methods with which you are familiar; get acquainted with the community; and beware of local politics. (RM)

Developing emergency procedures, policies, and plans should rank high on the priority list of all persons involved in the proper and efficient management of aquatic facilities. Steps for developing plans for emergencies are listed along with an example of an emergency plan. (CB)

A new Kentucky law requires school board members to undergo 15 hours of training annually, of which 10 are provided by the Kentucky School Boards Association without state funding. A new Georgia law provides funding for required orientation training and encourages further training. Oklahoma, Texas, and Arkansas also mandate training. (PGD)

Induction has been identified as a crucial stage in a teacher's career development. The role of the university in an induction program, along with factors in the university and school culture which support or thwart program development, are outlined in this article. (MT)

Two high school general mathematics classes with similar pretest scores were taught a unit on percentages, one with a cooperative and the other with an individualistic goal structure. At posttest, the cooperatively goal-structured class demonstrated significantly higher achievement than the individualistic group. (Author/MT)

A handbook focused towards students and parents can be one of a music director's most useful tools. The handbook should include sections on: philosophy and objectives; courses; guidelines for behavior; evaluation; and practice habits. Field trips, festivals, contents, awards, and scholarships should also be discussed. (CS)

The effects of performance-contingent rewards and proximal goals on children's task motivation, self-efficacy, and skillful performance were compared in a study of elementary school students. Results indicated that combining rewards with goals resulted in the highest self-efficacy and skill performance. (Author/DF)

Explored the phenomenon of late marriage in 41 highly educated professional women. Compared with normative marriers, the late-marrying women had higher career goals, a more egalitarian role structure in marriage, and were more accepting of premarital sex and cohabitation. Factors associated with family backgrounds were identified. (JAC)