In the last decade an unprecedented number of college-level foreign students have appeared in the United States, competing with native speakers in schools where the only medium of instruction is English. All students at American universities have to do three kinds of sophisticated writing--summarizing in notes, writing exam essays, and writing…

Some reflections upon how writers learn to write are presented in an analogy with learning to swim, offering implications for the teaching of composition. The "simplicity" of the act of writing is contrasted with the "complexity" discovered by literary analysis. Two of the author's poems are used as examples. (AF)

The purpose of this study was to estimate the reliability of various measures of writing behavior using 500-word samples instead of 1000-word samples. The themes of 135 eighth graders on narrative and expository topics were collected for 6 weeks, one theme per week. Samples of at least 1000 words were obtained from each student, and the criteria…

This study describes the use of (1) a clause analysis technique reflecting a sketch of the core grammatical system of English based on a tagmemic model and (2) limited individual instruction in a small number of principles of expository writing to increase the composition skills of students who had previously been obtaining failing grades in their…

The purpose of this study was to develop a foundation for reliable and effective measurement of significant parameters in the development of written language skills in school age children. The subjects for the study were 25 nine-year-old children, 12 boys and 13 girls, who were randomly selected from among 1,559 participants. The findings…

Doublespeak can be defined as language which is purposely ambiguous, deceptive, or evasive. If we want to promote integrity between act and word, we must teach by living out of the kind of consistency which we hope for in others. Functioning honestly in departmental and pedagogical as well as other personal dealings can be the most effective thing…

This paper discusses the rationale and teaching methods for a six-week unit, for a high school freshman English Class, on perception, semantics, and writing, which places special focus on developing tension in student writing. The first four objectives of the course focus on perception and the next two focus on semantics. The seventh…

The purpose of this project was to test the effectiveness of i.t.a. in teaching reading to first grade students in the Portland Public Schools. Some of the elements of the experimental design included the following: one experimental--i.t.a.--and one control--traditional orthography (TO)--class was formed in each of ten schools; teachers and…

This study focused on a current problem in secondary English: an unwarranted emphasis on teaching literature. In order to formulate guidelines for teaching composition, the experimenter constructed hypotheses and submitted them to secondary school teachers and their students. Conclusions were drawn on the basis of preferences identified by…

In order to determine whether the use of two types of teacher written responses to student essays--clarifying and directive--produced significant differences in writing performance growth, 28 12th grade students in a metropolitan Nebraska high school were randomly divided into two groups. Each group received one of the two types of teacher…

As an alternative to the conflict among college composition teachers who are either repressive and authoritarian or permissive and lenient, a middle course offers teachers the latitude of encouraging free writing for some students and directed writing for other students, both of which may be responses to students' needs to express themselves. This…

In a series of articles based upon doctoral studies, this issue examines composition instruction in the elementary schools. The first article provides a historical background for examining current practices in elementary composition programs, the second article discusses the relationship between form and content, and the last three articles look…

This study investigated the effect of partial and full correction techniques on composition performance. Eighty-five college students enrolled in three freshman English classes were randomly assigned to three groups within each class for marking purposes. Each group received marginal, terminal, or combined marginal-terminal comments on all themes…

Developed as part of a high school quinmester unit on sentences, this guide provides the teacher with teaching strategies for a study of the acceptable patterns of kernel sentences and transformation, identification of rhetorical styles in prose and poetry, and the application of these principles to produce a variety of effective sentences. The…

Compositions written by 66 second grade boys and girls in one control and two experimental groups were analyzed to study the effect of 21 instructional sessions in sentence expansion and to determine which of the instructional methods employed was most beneficial to a particular sex group. Lesson plans for the control group were parallel to two…