The longitudinal impact of a family-based intervention on grandchildren of parents with HIV (PWH) is evaluated. Because PWH and their daughters demonstrated gains over 6 years when randomized to a coping skills intervention compared with a control condition, the adjustment of the PWH's grandchildren was also compared across conditions.…

The goal of this study was to examine the ability to combine temporal-envelope information across frequency channels. Three areas were addressed: (a) the effects of hearing loss, (b) the effects of age and (c) whether such effects increase with the number of frequency channels. Twenty adults aged 23-80 years with hearing loss ranging from mild to…

Atypical vocabulary has been reported as one of the most notable features of the language of adolescents and adults with Williams syndrome (WS), including use of unusual or low frequency words. Two hypotheses were identified regarding the developmental origins of this phenomenon. The "intra-lexicon" hypothesis views the cause in terms of…

Recent studies have suggested that unusual visual processing in autism might stem from enhanced visual discrimination. Although there are also many anecdotal reports of auditory and tactile processing disturbances in autism these have received comparatively little attention. It is possible that the enhanced discrimination ability in vision in…

Previous studies suggest that complementary and alternative medical (CAM) therapy use in children with chronic illnesses is higher than in children in the general population. In this study, we investigated patterns of CAM therapy use in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD, n = 50) as compared to a control population of children…

The authors examined the developmental trajectories of children's early letter knowledge in relation to measures spanning and encompassing their prior language-related and cognitive measures and environmental factors and their subsequent Grade 1 reading achievement. Letter knowledge was assessed longitudinally at ages 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, and 6.5…

This paper reviews the empirical research on short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STDP). It begins with a brief history of STDP, identifying current developers and researchers of STDP and listing commonalities among various short-term dynamic psychotherapies. In this review, research is grouped broadly into two categories: controlled…

This study investigated the relative benefits of peer-­controlled and moderated online collaboration during group problem solving. Thirty­-five self­-selected groups of four or five students were randomly assigned to the two conditions, which used the same online collaborative tool to solve twelve problem scenarios in an undergraduate statistics…

Twenty-two junior, senior, and graduate students from an introductory counseling class for nonmajors were introduced to the verbal psychotherapies, and randomly divided into treatment and control groups. The groups were treated identically and received the usual instructional program except for the treatment group receiving 30 minutes of…

Evaluations occur within a political decision-making mileau, where multiple stakeholders are contending for limited funds. Given the subjective basis of empirical information, different conclusions or recommendations about a program may result from different ideological, theoretical, and disciplinary perspectives. The logic behind the…

TO DETERMINE THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE SOCIETAL ENVIRONMENT AND EARLY LEARNING EXPERIENCES OF YOUNG PEOPLE WAS THE GOAL OF THIS PROJECT. THE MAJOR OUTCOME OF THIS RESEARCH WAS A WORKABLE FRAME OF REFERENCES AND SET OF TECHNIQUES FOR STUDYING AND TESTING IDEAS ABOUT TALENTED BEHAVIOR IN SCHOOL AND, EVENTUALLY, EXPERIMENTAL SETTINGS. ALL…

THREE GROUPS OF DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN WERE ESTABLISHED IN ORDER TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT ON ACHIEVEMENT OF PROVIDING SOME CHILDREN WITH A PRESCHOOL PROGRAM AND SOME CHILDREN WITH NO SUCH PROGRAM. AN EXPERIMENTAL GROUP OF HEAD START CHILDREN WERE MATCHED ACCORDING TO SEX, RACE, GENERAL LEVEL OF INTELLIGENCE, AND PARENT'S OCCUPATIONAL LEVEL WITH A…

IN RESPONSE TO THE OBSERVATION THAT CHILDREN LOSE MUCH OF THEIR IMAGINATIVENESS AND CREATIVENESS AT ABOUT AGE 5 OR DURING THEIR KINDERGARTEN YEAR, A PROGRAM CALLED THE "CREATIVE-AESTHETIC APPROACH TO SCHOOL READINESS" WAS EMPLOYED TO SEE IF IT WOULD PREVENT SUCH A LOSS. THE PROGRAM IS NORMALLY USED WITH PRESCHOOL CHILDREN TO DEVELOP THE…

A number of potential threats to internal validity in true experiments are discussed. Programmatic research efforts proceeding from established correlational findings to experiments employing random assignment are described and used as referents in discussions of validity considerations. The collection of observational data is recommended for use…

Studies were some problems of learning motivation and extrinsic reinforcement in a group of disadvantaged youngsters. Also tested was the hypothesis that learning would be facilitated for those children who received regular individual tutoring in addition to classroom instruction, regardless of conditions of reinforcement. Subjects were 60 Negro…