The need for an empirically defensible means of sequencing instruction appears to have been the primary motivator for research into learning hierarchies. Also, valid learning hierarchies could act as congealing forces in individualizing instructional systems by providing psychological roadmaps for diagnosing students' preinstructional skills and…

A comprehensive toothbrushing program including detailed task analysis and specific training procedures was developed and evaluated for eight institutionalized mentally retarded adolescents (mean IQ 43.1). The first group of four Ss received token plus social reinforcement while the second group received only social reinforcement. All eight Ss…

Children's performance on multidimensional classification tasks was examined in two experiments. In Experiment 1, preschool, first-, and third-grade children were shown a standard stimulus and were then asked to judge whether several comparison stimuli were the same as or different from the standard. Comparison stimuli differed from the standard…

A system of task analysis and positive reinforcement was used in the vocational training of a 19-year-old trainable retarded youth (MA=6 years). The task of polishing shoe skates was analyzed and programmed into 29 steps and was reinforced with praise and money. The trainee learned the task in 13 sessions (approximately 1 month) and was employed…

The general purpose of the occupational analysis is to provide workable, basic information dealing with the many and varied duties performed in the purchasing occupation. The document opens with a brief introduction followed by a job description. The bulk of the document is presented in table form. Fourteen duties are broken down into a number of…

The purposes of this conference panel were to suggest ways of bringing basic and applied research on reading comprehension into an interaction that would enhance both theory and practice, and to develop an approach to the design and study of instructional practice that would maximize the relevance of instructional research for both the public and…

The standardization and evaluation of methods of performance assessment represents an important area of concern. In this paper an approach that concentrates on two critical areas and the relationship between them is discussed. These are: (1) a task classification system; and (2) a performance measure classification system. An example is presented…

This manual of operative training guidelines for fork lift truck driving has been developed by the Ceramics, Glass and Mineral Products Industry Training Board (Great Britain) in consultation with a number of firms which manufacture fork lift trucks or which already have training--programs for their use. The purpose of the guidelines is to assist…

Technological development in the glass industry is constantly directed towards producing high quality glass at low operating costs. Particularly, changes have taken place in melting methods which mean that the modern furnace operator has greater responsibilities than any of his predecessors. The complexity of control systems, melting rates, tank…

This manual of training guidelines describes the procedure for personnel intake and traces the training process which a worker must go through to become a craftsman making lampblown scientific glassware. The first section discusses the structure of the training program. Appendixes, which make up the bulk of the document, cover job description, job…

This booklet examines briefly the practical justification for planned training in the distributive trades; describes what and who should be trained; and indicates the steps needed to design a system of training which the Industrial Training Board for the Distributive Trades will find acceptable and grant-worthy. It is divided into three parts:…

Five studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between short term memory (STM) and long term memory (LTM), and the relationship between STM and problem solving. In study I, the necessity of postulating separate learning processes for tasks which are traditionally classified as STM tasks as opposed to LTM tasks was investigated.…

A task analysis of the conceptual skills prerequisite to learning to read by a phonics-based method is made in an attempt to distinguish these skills from reading's component skills. The model for task analysis presented by Gagne, in which a cumulative learning of prerequisite conceptual skills is assumed, is used. The analysis deals primarily…

The purpose of the study reported in this five-chapter document was to develop a model of differentiated teaching personnel based on student learning needs and to test the rationale for developing that model. The resultant semantic model (presented and illustrated in chapter 4 of the report) is designed to provide for effective interaction between…

The underlying assumption of this book is that the systems approach has a dual role in education. "As applied 'in' education, it offers a powerful methodology for decisionmaking and design development. As applied 'to' education, it may bring about a clear understanding of what education is truly about." The essential purpose of the book is to…