A central aspect of reform-minded mathematical teaching is training and developing teachers' ability to notice vital aspects in the classroom and more specifically, students' mathematical thinking. As there is an abundance of evidence and research that support the benefits for teachers to elicit and use students' ideas and thinking during…

In the US, teacher attrition is a widespread issue. Attrition rates in the United States are quite high, hovering around 8% over the last 10 years, and they are significantly higher for new teachers and teachers in high-poverty schools and districts (compared to high-achieving jurisdictions like Finland, Singapore, and Ontario, Canada, where only…

The evidence-based decision-making movement often assumes that once evidence is available (e.g., via the What Works Clearinghouse), decision-makers will integrate it into their practice. Research-practice partnership studies have shown this is not always true. In this paper, we argue that instead of assuming research will be useful and used, we…

This is a teaching case focused on implicit biases intended to spark meaningful discussions about challenges we face in decision-making. The case narrative centers on a young woman, Elsa, who observes a situation she believes is suspicious: a young Black man escorting two White children to his car. In Part A, Elsa debates whether to call the…

Metacognition refers to the capacity to comprehend and manage one's own cognitive processes, enabling the recognition of biases and presumptions that might influence them. Numerous published studies indicate that through metacognition, enhancements in critical-thinking skills allow individuals to query information, assess data, and make more…

Reducing learning time or training time in intelligent tutors is a challenging research problem. In this study, we aim to reduce training time while maintaining student performance in intelligent tutors. We propose a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) based method to determine when students need more training and when they don't. We design an…

An important aspect of moral expertise is moral sensitivity, which is the ability to be sensitive to the presence of morally salient features in a context. This requires being able to see and acquire the morally relevant information, as well as organise and interpret it, so that you can undertake the related work of moral judgement, focus (or…

Many of the resources developed to promote the use of evidence in policy aspire to an ideal of rational decision making, yet their basis in the decision sciences is often unclear. Tracing the historical development of evidence-informed policy to its roots in "evidence-based medicine" (EBM), we distinguish between two understandings of…

We investigated the effect of expertise on the wisdom of crowds. Participants completed 60 trials of a numerical estimation task, during which they saw 50-100 asterisks and were asked to estimate how many stars they had just seen. Experiment 1 established that both inner- and outer-crowd wisdom extended to our novel task: Single responses alone…

With the growing population increase and following young population's desire to study at the university, political authorities are supporting university and higher education investments, especially in the last 10 years. This situation has increased the number of universities considerably. Because a university will provide socioeconomic dynamism to…

Preparing adolescents for transitioning from school to work has become a priority across all developed countries due to the increasingly difficult labour market conditions and changes related to technological advances. Most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has created additional uncertainties in the world of work. This article reviews the concept…

Whether or not to stay in a difficult and stressful job is not always a choice for school site leaders, but when it is, it can be an agonizing decision process. In this article, the author examines her own process of leaving a site principal position over the course of two years, specifically describing the reflective pattern of using particular…

Background: In an era of increased polarisation, identity politics and growing reliance on using evidence to make disability policy decisions - evidence-based policymaking - how much do we know about the process by which disability policy decisions are made and the use of evidence therein? Aims and objectives: The objective of this Practice Paper…

From my own standpoint as a scientist, I, in this paper attempt to explore the scientific judgement-making process from an ethical perspective. In the process of developing truthful scientific knowledge, there are a myriad of judgements to make for the scientist. However, our contemporary world, dominated by technology, rules and regulations,…

In uncertain environments we must balance our need to gather information with our desire to reap rewards by exploiting current knowledge. Achieving this balance is further complicated in reactive environments where actions produce long-lasting change to the system. In four experiments, we investigate how people learn to make effective decisions…