This study tested for the existence of neighborhood effects on end of school educational attainment some 2,500 urban youth who left school between 1984 and 1986 in one educational authority in Scotland. Data were drawn from a student survey and from the United Kingdom 1981 Census of Population. A hierarchical linear regression model was used to…

Differences between traditional linear regression and a Bayesian approach to classification are discussed. Classification consists of assigning subjects to one of several available treatments on the basis of their test scores when the success of each treatment is measured by a different criterion. Formulating this problem as an empirical Bayes…

Using a statewide sample of Louisiana's prospective teachers' results on the National Teacher Examinations (NTE) (N=5,642), the investigation probed the relationships between NTE composite scores, Weighted Common Examination Total (WCET) scores, and WCET subscores with selected predictor variables (overall grade point average (GPA); GPA in…

The results of six major projects are discussed including a comprehensive mathematical and statistical analysis of the problems caused by errors of measurement in linear models for assessing change. In a general matrix representation of the problem, several new analytic results are proved concerning the parameters which affect bias in…

The interactive effect of cognitive entry behaviors (CEB) with mastery versus non-mastery learning strategies is studied. The subjects, 180 third graders were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: 90 percent mastery; 70 percent mastery, non-mastery, and control. The results showed a significant CEB x treatment interaction on immediate…

This paper considers the application of Bayesian techniques for simultaneous estimation to the specification of regression weights for selection tests used in various technical training courses in the Marine Corps. It concludes that a hypothesis of complete generalization of the predictor-criterion relationship would only be retained for selected…

Describes information system being developed by Unesco's General Information Program and Brazilian Institute for Information Science and Technology to overcome lack of timely, relevant data to support national information decision making. Principles and examples of practical applications of the system are presented. Prospects and requirements for…

Determinants of children's self-perceptions of ability were assessed in 158 second and sixth graders by examining intercorrelations among self-ratings of ability, effort, and conduct and by exploring criteria used for these judgments. Results suggest that children's judgments of ability, effort, and conduct are interrelated but distinguishable.…

Each year our college system gives twice as many bachelor's degrees (BAs) to African American females as males. Large gender gaps favoring women also exist for other groups. Indeed, on average our college system gives 35% more BAs to females than males across all racial and ethnic groups. Traditional explanations for this pattern have focused on…

This study compared the effectiveness of American College Testing (ACT) Composite score and high school grade point average (GPA) for predicting different levels of first-year college GPA. Logistic regression models were estimated for predicting first-year GPA levels ranging from 2.00 to 3.75 for a sample of postsecondary institutions. The…

The conceptualization of equity as student learning and accountability as testing performance provided the theoretical framework for this study. The purpose of this analysis was to explore the relevance of school and social variables on student performance across 4 years in a school district in Kentucky. Multiple regression analyses were used to…

The results of this study are consistent with a two-stage model of learning chemistry, a multi-dimensional subject, in which students accumulate knowledge in stage one, and then restructure their knowledge in stage two. When cognitive, metacognitive and achievement variables were subjected to a predictive discriminant analysis (PDA) procedure,…

Recent research in West Virginia and California has linked school size to both effectiveness and equity, finding that as school size increased, the mean achievement costs for schools with less-advantaged students became more burdensome. An effort was undertaken to replicate this research in four states offering a variety of school settings and…

This paper is the first of a series that will compare estimates of error that arises when state assessments are linked to the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Different forms of linkage are discussed. Comparisons are made between whole-sample regression, repeated half-sample replication, bootstrap, and jackknife estimates of the…

This study focused on potential overall differences in predicting mathematics and reading achievement among various immigrant groups. The dataset for the study, the sample from the Second Generation Project in Miami, Florida, and San Diego, California, was composed of 5,267 second-generation immigrants in grades 8 and 9. The results from two…