Examines pseudofamiliar words--words that English learners think that they know but do not. These are words with a deceptive morphological structures, idioms, false friends, words with multiple meanings and "synforms." This lack of awareness is claimed to be inducive to faulty comprehension. Some teaching implications of these problems are…

This study investigated the effects of culture-specific background knowledge and inferences upon second-language readers' comprehension of text. Ten Korean adult second-language readers were asked to think aloud as they read a short story from another culture and then answer a detailed set of postreading questions. (20 references) (VWL)

Examines proficient and less proficient high school comprehenders' use of strategies as they read three passages with different top-level structures: collection, causation, and comparison. Finds that both groups of readers use similar strategies. Finds that proficient comprehenders use more previous knowledge on the collection passage and more…

Examines students' perceptions of themselves as readers, their reading difficulties, and the strategies they use to solve reading problems. Suggests that poor readers in the elementary grades, especially those with word recognition problems, experience difficulties because they lack knowledge about when and why a particular strategy is effective.…

Analysis of the effect of providing a graphic representation of knowledge structures to seventh grade students of English as a Second Language found that the teaching strategy, to which students reacted favorably, facilitated comprehension and immediate recall. (42 references) (Author/CB)

Examines the relationship between stages of orthographic development and writing fluency. Finds that the graphemic output lexicon of beginning readers and writers is not sufficiently detailed to allow a fluent output. (PRA)

Examines previous studies of the effects of prediction activities, prior knowledge, and text type upon reading comprehension. Finds the three elements unimportant to ordinary reading. Observes that many schema theory concepts arose from analysis of difficult reading. Suggests that the schema theory variables may arise only in atypical reading…

Offers an approach for integrating reading and writing through literature study. Discusses preparing the classroom environment, prereading activities, sustained silent reading, minilessons for related skills, enrichment, and a follow-up activity. (PRA)

Learning-disabled and average readers (n=120) from grades four through six completed comprehension questions under one of four treatment conditions. Results indicated that computer-mediated text was no better than off-line conditions in improving learning-disabled readers' comprehension. Attribution and metacognitive sophistication were…

Presents critical analysis of an earlier article, and argues that, although the validity of the High/Low distinction is questionable, it is possible for practical testing purposes to obtain reliable judgments from properly selected and trained judges. (seven references) (GLR)

Assists teachers in improving the reading comprehension skills of students by using critical thinking strategies which can be integrated into the curriculum and adapted to many grade levels. Describes strategies grouped under microcomputer instruction, cooperative learning, and higher-order questions. Recommends that teachers integrate critical…

Examines information-processing differences among four types of readers differing in reading comprehension and speed. Finds that good comprehenders outperformed poor comprehenders on all types of tasks, but the results were less clear for the high- and low-speed readers. Proposes differences in working memory as a source of individual differences…

Japanese college students (n=483) learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL) read passages in English in one of three forms: (1) native baseline; (2) simplified; or (3) elaborated. The study found that comprehension was highest among learners reading the simplified version but was not significantly different from those reading the elaborated…

Investigates the extent to which readers make inferences and integrations during reading. Finds that slow readers and readers with "careful-reading" instructions appear to infer script-arguments and integrate arguments to a high degree. Finds that fast readers and readers with "fluent-reading" instructions do not infer script-information and show…

Describes the GENRP Model of Instruction in which students generate (G) relevant ideas from prior knowledge, elaborate (E) with information, and use nonredundant processing (NRP) techniques to organize concepts. Claims the method actively involves students, teaches basic literacy, and develops reading and social studies comprehension and…