A study was designed to (1) compare two types of reliability in the observation of teachers' behavior, (2) explore the relationship between observer reliability and the validity of their systematic classroom observations, and (3) investigate the effects of training, observer beliefs, and the passage of time on reliability and validity estimates.…

THE PURPOSES OF EVALUATION ARE TO (1) PERMIT THE SCHOOL TO ASSESS ITS EFFECTIVENESS, (2) IMPROVE INSTRUCTION, AND (3) ASSURE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEACHER. IF EVALUATION CAN BE PROPOSED AS A WAY TO RECOGNIZE SUPERIOR TEACHERS RATHER THAN AS A SEARCH FOR FAULT, IT IS LIKELY TO MEET WITH LESS RESISTANCE. INITIAL EVALUATION, A PART OF THE…

The purpose of this study was to determine if sex differences were observable in 1-year-olds in response to their mother and in choice and style of play with toys. Thirty-two boys and thirty-two girls were put in separate rooms with several toys, several nontoys (door knobs, taped sockets, etc.) and their mothers. The infant's mother was to…

Self reports of classroom behavior given by second- and third-qrade teachers in questionnaires are compared to process measures of the same behaviors collected by classroom observers visiting in these teachers' classrooms. The comparisons reveal a generalized pattern of poor accuracy on the part of the teachers, although there were some exceptions…

In an attempt to devise protocols for the microteaching of university teachers, an experiment was undertaken using 15 subjects in four training sessions. Attitudes of lecturers to training were used as the dependent variable. Independent variables were the feedback medium (CCTV and audio) and the type of feedback (low and high structure). The…

A project was conducted to study the interrelationships of teacher and/or student classroom behavior as measured by four different observation systems employed simultaneously to assess a given teaching-learning situation. Subjects were 71 student teachers each of whom was observed for 20 minutes during the latter half of his student teaching by a…

Part 1 of this document is a guide for writing instructional objectives based on Bloom's taxonomy. Included are examples and exercises designed to familiarize the teacher with the three behavior categories--cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains--and to provide practice in identification of institutional, instructional, and behavioral…

The 26 classroom observation systems in this anthology were primarily designed to collect data about pupil and teacher behaviors for use in research, teacher training, and supervision. The particular aspect of interaction measured by any one of these instruments reflects the interest of its author, but are generally classifiable as cognitive or…

An individualized inservice training program was developed for teachers in Project PLAN (an individualized instruction program in 13 school districts throughout the U.S.). The program consisted of a preservice conference and inservice consultant services designed to encourage specific teaching behaviors. The 17-category Teacher Observation Scale…

This document is a manual for users of the Pupil Record of School Experience (PROSE) technique of classroom observation. PROSE is a mark-sensing sheet of paper testing 148 categories of student behavior, and providing spaces in which the recorder can indicate which of them he observes. A reproduction of the form is given and its use is carefully…

Data Collection and reduction procedures used in the system for the Analysis of Classroom Communication (SACC) are presented. The SACC is a system devised for the systematic observation of verbal and non-verbal classroom behavior. Coders employ data sheets which contain numbered cells for recording behavior at five second intervals. Each sheet…

Evaluation of effective classroom teaching has long plagued school supervisors and administrators. Rating is generally done with criteria which varies according to the educational objectives of the rater as well as with his subjective impressions of the staff member being rated. Counselor Educators are faced with a similar problem when attempting…

This document describes the process by which aspects of nonverbal communication that appear to be indicators of involvement were identified, described, classified, and rated. To facilitate this process, an Action Category System was developed through observation in the natural classroom setting and subsequent analyses of the recorded behavior…

This presentation is rooted in several years of multidimensional research into the behavior of teacher and pupils; that is, more than a single technique is used simultaneously, each assessing a different dimension of the interaction. One promising outcome of findings is the possibility of measuring pupil growth by means of observational systems.…

This manual describes the Caregiver Language Observation Instrument, a device useful for observing the language behavior of caregivers in infant day care settings. Eleven categories of language behavior are recorded: approval, disapproval, cautioning, soothing, talking to, questioning, labeling, elaborating, singing, directing, and imitating. The…