This study explored the contribution of two working memory (WM) systems to reading performance in younger and older children. Results showed significant age-related differences in verbal and visual-spatial WM performance were maintained when articulation speed and short-term memory were partialed from the analysis and that WM predicted age-related…

A study of the interactions of 27 dyads of children (ages 5-11) in a play-date situation were examined; one dyad member had Down syndrome. Dyads similar in gender, chronological age, and classroom experiences had better quality interactions. Twenty dyads met strict friendship criteria and could be classified as friends. (Contains references.)…

Predictive value of maternal age and education in relation to rates of mental retardation in a 3-year-birth cohort (n=267,277) was studied. Low maternal education placed individuals at increased risk for both educable mentally handicapped and trainable mentally handicapped placement. Older maternal age was associated with increased risk of mental…

Five experiments involving 84 subjects investigated the effects of phonologic similarity of speech-production latencies to explore the role of articulatory phonetic features and reprogramming operations during pre-motor stages of production. Results revealed that shared manner was the most influential factor associated with the observed inhibitory…

Tested 59 three-year olds three times over seven months to assess the contribution of development of theory of mind and language to one another. Found that earlier language abilities predicted later theory-of-mind test performance (controlling for earlier theory of mind), but earlier theory-of-mind did not predict later language-test performance…

Examines self-handicapping and defensive pessimism, the factors that predict these strategies, and the associations between these strategies and a variety of academic outcomes. Findings reveal that task orientation negatively predicts both self-handicapping and defensive expectations and positively predicts reflectivity. Students high in…

Evaluates 64 children and their primary caregivers who are living in poverty. Social support was not found to moderate the relationship between stress and child outcome. However, social support was found to be one possible mediator of the child's reported stress on their self-esteem. According to the mediating model, enhancing children's social…

Investigated whether correlates of substance use changed across historical time. A high degree of consistency was found across historical time in predictors of past month cigarette or alcohol use and past year marijuana or cocaine use. Some predictors were consistently linked to substance use. Consistency of other predictors was contingent upon…

Thirty-five children diagnosed with autism or pervasive developmental disorders at age 2 were re-evaluated 2 years later for factors related to spoken language development including child variables and environmental variables. After controlling for age 2 language skills, the only significant predictors of age 4 language skills were motor imitation…

This study examined predictors of developmental outcomes in 17 young children diagnosed with autism or pervasive developmental disorder, who received generic treatment over an average of 37 months. Although children differed substantially in outcomes, these were not predicted by treatment intensity or other treatment variables although…

Examined value of construction play scores on Lunzer Five Point Play Scale at 4 years as predictor of later mathematical achievement. At grades 3 and 5, found little significance in relationship between play performance and mathematical achievement. At grade 7 and in high school, each area of construction play and standardized test scores was…

A cross sectional study involving 998 independently living elderly African Americans used the Brief Symptom Inventory to measure paranoid ideation and 14 independent variables including demographic characteristics, cognitive deficit, and depression. Paranoid ideation was found in 10% of the sample. Regression analysis revealed 6 of 14 independent…

Examined longitudinal associations between infant-parent attachment and parent/toddler behavior during storybook interaction. Found that infants with insecure-resistant attachment with mothers were less enthusiastic and focused during storybook interaction at 24 months. Mothers of insecure-resistant infants were less warm/supportive, and less…

Examined whether maltreated children were more likely than nonmaltreated children to develop poor-quality representations of parents and whether these representations predicted children's rejection by peers. Found that maltreated children's representations were more negative/constricted and less positive/coherent than nonmaltreated children's.…

A content analysis was performed on 43 articles published between 1970 and 1998 discerned as relating family systems theory (FST) frameworks and constructs to organizational consultation. Frameworks and constructs were investigated in relation to four independent variables: type of organization; decade of article publication; gender; and…