Examines criterion-related validity of curriculum-based measures in written expression for secondary students. Finds a combination of measures was better than any single measure for predicting students' general performance in written expression; and 3 measures added to the prediction of students' general writing proficiency (number of characters…

A structured interview was conducted with 68 adults with intellectual disability who were aggressive. At work, the most frequently reported anger-arousing situations involved co-worker conflict and aggression. At home, conflicts with siblings and peers were anger-arousing. Coping responses included aggression, being alone, talking to someone, and…

A study investigated effects of characteristics of the case, the teacher, and the organizational setting on recognition and reporting of child abuse by 480 teachers. Teachers' responses to child abuse were relatively unbiased by either the extraneous characteristics of the perpetrator or victim, the responding teacher, or the school setting.…

Forty-eight mothers were asked to instruct their preterm and full-term 24-month-old children to sort blocks according to size and color. Dyads were observed for their ability to find a mutual and stable instructional relationship. Children later identified as having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were in dyads marked by significantly…

Examined affectively-charged moral narratives and attachment-related narratives of preschoolers. Found that, after controlling for child age, gender, SES, and expressive language ability, children with more externalizing problems were more likely to describe aggressive themes, and less likely to mention adult aid or taking responsibility for…

Examines the effects of linguistic acculturation (language spoken with friends and parents) and gender on alcohol use among Hispanic adolescents. Results reveal that a greater proportion of bilingual adolescents engaged in drinking than more acculturated adolescents. Within gender, these relationships were found only for boys. Suggests that…

Describes a study conducted at four Taiwan universities that measured the impact of variables on learners' perceived transactional distance in a World Wide Web learning environment. Examines learners' skill level with the Internet, previous experience in taking distance education courses, extent of interaction, and types of learner support.…

Examined role of phonological awareness and visual-orthographic skills in Chinese reading acquisition among first, second, third, and fifth graders who had learned the Hanyu Pinyin script. Found that visual skills predicted reading success at lower grades; pinyin knowledge and ability to discriminate homophonic characters predicted reading success…

Examined relations among maternal depression, family dysfunction, emotional autonomy, and early adolescent adjustment. Found that among offspring of depressed mothers, higher emotional autonomy predicted increased internalizing and externalizing problems; among offspring of nondepressed mothers, higher emotional autonomy predicted decreases in…

Examined role of isolated words in early vocabulary development. Found that isolated words are a reliable feature of speech to infants; that they include a variety of word types; and that a substantial fraction of words infants produce are words that mothers speak in isolation. Frequency of hearing words in isolation better predicts learning than…

A study of entry-phase agriculture teachers (n=90, one-third female) identified personal, professional, and situational characteristics that would explain how long they expected to remain in teaching. Gender and agricultural work experience were significant predictors. (Contains 28 references.) (SK)

Attempts to examine the effects of variations in relative conditioned reinforcement rate on choice have been confounded by changes in rates of primary reinforcement or changes in the value of the conditioned reinforcer. To avoid these problems, this experiment used concurrent observing responses to examine sensitivity of choice to relative…

Although functional neuroimaging studies of human decision-making processes are increasingly common, most of the research in this area has relied on passive tasks that generate little individual variability. Relatively little attention has been paid to the ability of brain activity to predict overt behavior. Using functional magnetic resonance…

We assessed verb fluency vs. noun and letter-based fluency in 199 subjects referred for cognitive complaints including Subjective Cognitive Impairment, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. ANCOVAs and factor analyses identified verb, noun, and letter-based fluency as distinct tasks. Verb fluency performance in Mild Cognitive…

Child temperament was examined as a moderator of the link between family conflict and child behavior problems. Temperament assessed in early childhood was used to predict the relation between family conflict and externalizing behavior problems measured during the early elementary school years. For children with difficult temperament, a strong…