This study examined input enhancement and second language (L2) vocabulary learning while exploring the role of "distinctiveness," the degree to which an item in the input diverges from the form in which other items in the input are presented, with regard to the nature and direction of the effects of enhancement. In this study,…

Evaluation of attributes of a subcompact car were combined in linear regressions predicting liking and purchase intention. Of two forms--raw scales and scales weighted by the importance attached to each attribute by each subject--unweighted evaluations proved more consistent and important predictors than those weighted by their saliency. (Author)

Based on the argument that traditional college admissions standards comprise elements that are invalid predictors of significant contributions to society, the author discusses selected results of a study which measured college apllicants' non-academic activities and productive thinking capacity as possible predictors of success in college.…

The psychological meaning and predictive value of a person's vocational aspirations were examined by applying Holland's typology to the vocational aspirations of high school juniors (N=140), and a second sample of college students studied over a one-year interval (N-624). (Author)

Develops a testing procedure based on a model including treatment effects on residual variances. (Author/RC)

Literature from organizational and social psychology has suggested that three types of factors influence performance, i.e., cognitive, affective and behavioral. A model was developed to test a set of propositions concerning the relationship between the three kinds of factors, and included attributions, expectancies, general emotional responses to…

Environmental concepts provide the foundation upon which curriculum planners/developers construct environmental education programs. Research literature in environmental education was searched for lists of concepts, procedures used in validating concepts, and evidence of empirical investigations into the underlying structure of a set of concepts.…

A four-variable equation to predict administrative effectiveness of academic deans was derived from 17 variables by discriminant analysis. The study objective was to validate four indicators of administrator effectiveness. If the four variables were found to discriminate between effective and ineffective deans, search-screening committees could…

In the study "Public and Private Schools," the conclusions by James Coleman and others that private schools produce higher test scores and do so by employing certain school policies are not valid because the methods and interpretations used in the analysis fall below the standards for social-scientific research. Moreover, the conclusions…

An individual may be sex typed (masculine male or feminine female), cross typed (masculine female or feminine male), or not sex typed (androgynous or undifferentiated). The use of psychological sex typing, in place of or in addition to gender, as an independent or mediating variable should, given reliable measurement, enhance the validity of…

To determine which of several variables best predict aggression in hyperactive children, 38 hyperactive first-, second-, and third-graders were assessed for 12 consecutive school days on 11 behaviors associated with aggression. Behavioral items on the criterion measure, the Daily Behavior Checklist, were summed and then averaged over the 12 days…

Since the 1950's psychological research has attempted to define adaptive behavior, i.e., competence. To develop a system for explaining effective behavior, an international team of researchers developed a conceptualization of competent behavior which included three components: coping behaviors, motivation, and attitudes. A set of internationally…

Differences in social-psychological environments between parochial and public schools, and between mathematics and English courses, were investigated involving 317 grade 10 boys and girls. Multivariate and univariate analysis of variance produced significant main effects and School x Subject interaction. Differential validities of environment…

The concept of quality is analyzed with special attention to its different senses in two contexts: qualitative evaluation and assessment of educational program quality. The view that evaluation of program quality cannot be validly expressed in quantitative terms and that qualitative evaluation methodologies have special relevance for the…

The relationship of racial group concepts (racial preference and racial attitudes) to general and specific self-esteem in black children was examined in this study. A secondary purpose of this study was to assess the validity of Nobles' (1973) theory that racial group attitudes influence the black American's concept of "self." The…