Upon assuming power for the first time in 1935, the Norwegian Labour Party delivered on its promise of a major schooling reform. The reform raised minimum instruction time in less developed rural areas and boosted the resources available to rural schools, reducing class size and increasing teacher salaries. We document that cohorts more…

Inclusive apprenticeship programs--those that support and are designed to be inclusive of apprentices with disabilities--hold promise for improving long-term employment outcomes for participants. However, little is known about the prevalence and operations of inclusive apprenticeship programs. This report summarizes current information on…

Understanding the gender dynamics in educational transitions can help target policies to support equitable access to education as well as its quality and labour-market outcomes. In almost all OECD countries, the gender gap in favour of women is wider in tertiary education than at upper secondary level. Differences in programme orientation and…

When employers and learners achieve a shared understanding of what skills are needed for the jobs of the future and how those skills are counted and valued in the hiring process, learners make more informed decisions about a path to success in the career of their choice, and Career Technical Education (CTE) programs are more responsive to industry…

Hundreds of colleges have changed their names to signal higher quality. We estimate how this affects college choice and the labor market performance of college graduates. Administrative data show that name-changing colleges enroll higher-aptitude students, with larger effects for attractive-but-misleading name changes and among students with less…

The statewide longitudinal data system (SLDS) Survey was first administered in the summer of 2017. This annual survey was created to help inventory the current data capacity of states' and territories' SLDSs. It not only focuses on whether a given data type or use is in place, but also explores the development of these data systems and their…

In this paper, we examine the impact of school shootings on the human health and capital outcomes of middle and high school student survivors as adults in their twenties and early thirties. Our data on school shooting events is from a recent, comprehensive database of school shootings compiled by the Center for Homeland Defense and Security. The…

Teacher attrition adversely impacts the academic future of the students in public schools. Each year, thousands of classrooms go without qualified teachers to provide instruction. Without qualified teachers to instruct students using college and career readiness standards, education agencies, including state departments of education, districts,…

School counselor shortages and high turnover rates have been reported in school districts across the United States. These high turnover rates have led to critical problems for educational institutions as counselors serve a vital role in organizational success and stability. The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate the relationship…

Did you ever wonder how rising inequality and polarisation will shape education? Or how advances in artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and other technologies could transform teaching and learning? Trends Shaping Education is a triennial report exploring the social, technological, economic, environmental and political forces transforming…

More than 8.3 million young people under 18 struggle with anxiety or depression--13 percent of the youth population. Despite the need, more than one third of the U.S. population lives in Mental Health Professional Shortage Areas, creating urgent dual crises of rising mental health needs and insufficient behavioral workforce capacity. Launched in…

This paper conceptually examines, outlines, and discusses the various challenges that school counseling faces in today's transforming educational landscape. Depending on their specifics, some challenges can be considered problems and are referred to as "Sisyphus challenges". In contrast, others can be seen as opportunities and are…

Since Indonesia's transition to democracy in 1998, wealth inequality has increased significantly with a dramatic rise in the wealth of the rich and stagnating income growth among poorer citizens. Similar to many developing countries, the issue of child workers in Indonesia is a critical problem. The "2015 National Labour Force Survey"…

The Pathways for Academic Career and Employment (PACE) program is established to provide funding to community colleges for the development of programs that will lead to gainful, quality, in-state employment for members of target populations by providing them with both effective academic training to ensure gainful employment and customized support…

The science and engineering (S&E) labor force helps to create and advance our scientific and technological knowledge, transform these advances into goods and services, and fuel America's economy, security, and quality of life. This report details several aspects of the U.S. S&E workforce, including growth, demographic makeup, earnings, and…