Presents empirical evidence on input and output equity of expenditures, teacher resources, and performance across 840 elementary and middle schools in New York City. Finds that horizontal equity distributions are more disparate than what would be expected relative to results of other studies, vertical equity is lacking, and equality of opportunity…

Examines how three urban elementary schools could reallocate existing resources to adopt one or more New American Schools whole-school-reform designs. Concludes that all three schools possess the funds necessary to adopt two designs: Modern Red Schoolhouse and Success for All/Roots and Wings. (Contains 36 references.) (PKP)

Issues in the debate over intellectual property are discussed by a former pharmacy professor who entered the pharmacy industry. Issues include patents and patent barriers, patent coverage, the academic misconception that industry has unlimited resources, and attitudes that defeat collaboration between industry and academe. (MSE)

In first of 2 experiments, an early negative component of 400 4 to 6 year olds distinguished between happy and angry expressions. A later positive component distinguished between target and nontarget events. Both components were observed in a second experiment. Results are discussed in the context of children's allocation of attentional and memory…

Five school districts in the Detroit, Michigan, metropolitan area have joined forces to offer a shared high school program, the Center for Advanced Studies and the Arts, that offers advanced classes and other specialized programs that are not available at students' home schools. (MLF)

Changes made in 1981 to the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program under the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act were evaluated. Multiple quasi-experimental designs (interrupted time series, non-equivalent comparison groups, and simple pre-post designs) used to address evaluation questions illustrate the issues faced by evaluators in…

Increasingly sophisticated analyses of costs and revenues have contributed to more effective financial management in higher education, with attention focused on ways in which fixed and variable factors contribute to direct or unit costs; analyses of cost-revenue relationships; differential effects of one-time and recurring costs; variety of…

Explains the Institution Wide Information Strategies (IWIS) project developed by the Coalition for Networked Information (CNI) to investigate how an academic institution can coordinate its activities and allocate resources to best manage and support its use of information and information technology. Summaries of projects and objectives of the nine…

Presents a model for resource allocation of state-prevention funds based on the relative need for prevention services measured in terms of composite risk-factor index scores computed for each county. Suggests that funding be based on the resource-allocation algorithms rather than the suggested amount of funding computed for each county.…

Results of a study of community service organizations (n=12) and their communities indicate that distribution of volunteer funds and time was unrelated to community needs as measured by objective indicators. The most important determinants of resource allocation are members' perceptions of the severity of problems and their willingness to work in…

The recruitment budgeting cycle (RBC) places teacher-recruitment activities on a more systematic, professional plane. RBC action steps include reviewing and updating recruitment goals and activities, identifying the previous year's activities, defining outcome criteria for determining cost effectiveness, ranking activity costs, evaluating…

Asserts that pursuing use as the defining goal of evaluation can distort the allocation of evaluation resources and reduce the contributions of evaluation to broader social goals, such as social betterment. Pursuing use can result in an overemphasis on evaluations oriented toward program improvement at the expense of assessment of worth and other…

Shows that commonly used "value-added" models are misspecified when estimated using the National Education Longitudinal Study, a finding that raises questions about whether previous value-added studied are unbiased. Also reviews more recent literature using instrumental variables methods to address omitted variables bias. (SLD)

A review of the articles on modernization in Australia, England, New Zealand, Scotland and the USA demonstrates and discusses the complexity attached to the concept. This also enables a better understanding of the contention and controversy that surrounds the concept and its application to educational policy and practice. Modernization policies in…

In recent theories of event-based prospective memory, researchers have debated what degree of resources are necessary to identify a cue as related to a previously established intention. In order to simulate natural variations in attention, the authors manipulated effort toward an ongoing cognitive task in which intention-related cues were embedded…